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Modernleşme süreciyle birlikte heterojen ve homojen olmak üzere iki temel toplum tasavvuru açığa çıkmıştır. Bu toplum tasavvuru “ulus-devlet” adı altında siyasi bir yapılaşmayı da beraberinde getirmiştir. İmparatorlukların dağılarak ulus devletlerin kurulması sürecinde ise toplum farklı etno-kültürel, dini grupların yok sayılarak homojen bir bütünlük içinde olduğu veya olması gerektiğine yönelik varsayım hakim gelmiştir. Ulus devletlerin homojen toplum tasavvuru hukuk sistemiyle birlikte kamusal düzenlemelerde farklılıklarının görmezden gelinmesine ve insan hakları ihlalinin doğmasına neden olmuştur. Bu hakim görüş kendisini Türkiye’nin ulus devletleşme sürecinde radikal bir biçimde göstermiştir. 20. yüzyıldan itibaren homojen ulus devlet tasavvuru “çokkültürcülük” söylemiyle birlikte sorgulanmaya başlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda Türkiye’de ağırlıklı olarak tartışılan konular arasında laiklik ve inanç özgürlüğü, dini grupların kamusal alana intibak talepleri yer almıştır. Bu makalede Avrupa toplumları ekseninde farklılıkların yönetilmesi adına ortaya çıkan çokkültürcülük paradigmasının dini grupların inanç özgürlüğü taleplerine çözüm üretmekte ne derece uygun olduğu Türkiye özelinde tartışılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda ilk önce Türkiye’de uygulanan radikal laiklik ideolojisi ve sekülerleşme konusu tartışılmıştır. Daha sonra Türkiye’de din ve inanç özgürlüğü ekseninde “çokkültürcülük” söyleminin içeriği ve sınırlılıkları tartışılmıştır.
With the process of modernization, two fundamental social designs, heterogeneous and homogeneous, have been revealed. This social design has also brought together a political structure under the name of "national-state". In the process of the establishment of the nation states by the division of the empires, the society has dominated the assumption that different ethno-cultural, religious groups are in or should be in a homogeneous integrity by counting out. The homogeneous social design of the national states, along with the legal system, has led to the neglect of their differences in public regulations and the birth of human rights violations. This judge’s view has shown itself in a radical way in the nationalization process of Turkey. 20 is. Since the century, the homogeneous national state design has begun to be questioned along with the saying of "chokkulturalism". In this context, the topics mainly discussed in Turkey include secularity and freedom of faith, the demands of religious groups to resign to the public space. This article discusses in particular how appropriate the multicultural paradigm that emerges in the name of the management of differences in the European communities is to produce solutions to the demands of religious groups of freedom of faith. In this context, the topic of radical secularization and ideology applied in Turkey was first discussed. Later in Turkey, the content and limitations of the word "chokkulturalism" in the axis of religious and religious freedom were discussed.
The process of modernization has unfolded two basic imaginations of society: heterogeneous and homogeneous. Such an imagination considering society brought about a political structure that today we call "nation state". During the process of the collapsing of empires and replaced by nation states, ignoring different ehno-cultural and religious groups and claiming in fact they were or should be one single unity prevailed. The imagery of a homogeneous society of nation states has led to the ignoring of their differences in public regulations and the violation of human rights as a result of their judicial system. Such an idea has revealed itself in Turkey during the nation state process in a radical manner. Beginning in 20th century this imagination of a homogeneous nation state started to be questioned in concept of "multiculturalism". As a result of this, main topics that have been discussed in Turkey have become secularism, freedom of religion and demands of participation of religious groups in public space. In this article, the suitability of the paradigm of multiculturalism that has emerged in Europe with the aim of conducting the diversity of European societies in terms of finding solutions to demands of religious groups in Turkey. Turkey's ideology of secularism and the secularization process will be studied in this context. In addition to that, the content and limitation of "multiculturalism" will be studied in context of the freedom of religion in Turkey.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Ulusal
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