Özet:

Sustainability is one of the important and current concepts in landscape design as well as in many areas that have an impact on human health, the environment and natural resources. There are many ratings systems created in the world to evaluate sustainable designs. Most of these systems are based on quantitative analyses that measure the sustainability levels of structural and open-air designs. Parks are one of the important components of the built environment in residential centers and should be designed and developed to maintain their functions in the long run. The aim of this study is to develop a method that quantitatively represents the levels of sustainability of park designs. The work has been carried out in three parks in Ankara or Kalecik district: Şehitler Park, Osman Arslan Park and Atatürk Park. First of all, the criteria set by the SITES Rating System for the field design have been examined and arranged taking into account regional conditions. In this framework, four main criteria, including soil and vegetation, material selection, water, human health and well-being, and 30 sub-criteria covered. The Simos procedure was used to determine the weight to the criteria, while the Likert scale of 5 was used to give the conformity points. The Sustainable Landscape Design Index (SLDI) is calculated for each park and sub-criteria with a variety of equations. The SLDI values that represent the sustainability levels of parks are given and interpreted in tables and diagrams. According to this, one of the parks has the highest SLDI average in terms of the main criteria of soil and vegetation and the other two are water. The SLDI values for human health and well-being are at the lowest level in all parks. When the sub-criteria is examined, the three parks have achieved the lowest SLDI in the three different sub-criteria, including the adequate plant use, the reduction of the use of wood material produced from threatened species and the random irrigation system, and the lowest in the sub-criteria for the supply of no-smoking airspace. The study revealed a method of a clear, comparable and repeatable ratio that quantitatively represents the levels of sustainability of existing parks. The method is expected to be used as a measurement tool in the creation of new parks in accordance with sustainable design and the renewal of existing.

Özet:

Parks are important components of the built environment in the settlements and should be designed and improved to protect the functions in the long term. The aim of this study is to develop a method that quantitates the sustainability levels of park designs. The study was carried out in three parks, namely Şehitler Park, Osman Arslan Park and Atatürk Park, in Kalecik district of Ankara. First of all, the criteria determined by the SITES rating system for the land design were examined and regulated by considering regional conditions. In this context, four main criteria, including soil and vegetation, material selection, water, human health and well-being, and 30 sub-criteria were evaluated. The Simos procedure was used to assign weight to criteria and the 5-likert scale was used to establish the suitability scores. Sustainable Landscape Design Index (SLDI) was calculated for each park and each sub-criteria with various equations. SLDI values expressing sustainability levels of parks were given and interpreted in tables and diagrams. Accordingly, one of the parks has the highest SLDI average in terms of the main criterion of the water and the other two of the soil and vegetation. SLDI values for human health and well-being are at the lowest level in all parks. When the sub-criteria were examined, it was seen that the three parks reached the highest SLDI value in three different sub-criteria, including the suitable plant use, reducing the use of wood material produced from threatened species and an efficient irrigation system, and the lowest SLDI value in the sub-criteria of providing smokeless airspace. The study revealed a comprehensive, comparable and reproducible index method that quantitates the sustainability levels of existing parks. The method is expected to be used as a measurement tool in the creation of new parks suitable for sustainable design and the renovation of existing parks.

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