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Osmanlı ordusunda ilk defa Sultan I. Murat döneminde kurulan topçu ocağı, Fatih Sultan Mehmet döneminde önemli gelişmeler kaydetmiştir. Ancak, ilerleyen dönemlerde batıdaki gelişmelere ayak uydurulamayarak gerileyen topçu sınıfının ıslahı için Avrupalı uzmanlardan yararlanma yoluna gidilmiştir. 1772’de Topçu Mektebi ve 1775’de Hendesehane’nin açılması batılı tarzda eğitimli modern bir topçu sınıfı oluşturulması yönünde atılmış önemli adımlar olmuştur. Sultan III. Selim ve Sultan II. Mahmut dönemlerinde yapılan ıslah çalışmalarıyla birlikte topçu ocağı hatırı sayılır bir mesafe kaydetmiştir. Sultan II. Abdülhamit dönemine gelindiğinde ordunun en belirgin özelliği, topçu teşkilatının büyümesi ve topçu tümenlerinin kurulması olmuştur. Fakat bu dönemde topçu atış eğitimi ve manevralarının yapılmaması büyük bir eksiklik olarak kendisini göstermiştir. II. Meşrutiyet’in ilanından sonra güçlü bir topçu sınıfı oluşturmak üzere yapılan çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmalar sonucunda 18 Temmuz 1909 tarihinde kabul edilen talimatname ile topçu sınıfında müfettişlik teşkilatına geçilmesine karar verilmiştir. Harbiye Nezareti teşkilatında Sahra Topçu ve Ağır Topçu Müfettiş-i Umûmîliği dairelerinin kurulması ile topçu sınıfı güçlü bir teşkilat yapısına kavuşturulmuştur. Bu dönemde topçu sınıfının eğitimine, atış talimlerine ağırlık verilmiştir. 1913 yılında ordu teşkilatında yapılan düzenlemelerle her bir ordu, bağımsız kolordu ve fırkalarda topçu taburlarına yer verilmiştir. Ancak, kısa bir süre sonra Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın patlak vermesi başlanan ıslah ve yapılandırma çalışmalarını akim bırakmıştır. Osmanlı Devleti’nin de dahil olduğu savaş yıllarında, bütün imkânsızlıklara rağmen topçu birlikleri üzerine düşen görevi hakkıyla yerine getirme mücadelesi vermiştir. Özellikle, Çanakkale savunmasında Türk topçusunun ortaya koyduğu kahramanlık ve başarı hem Türk milletinin hem de savaşın kaderini değiştirmiştir.
For the first time in the Ottoman army, the gun base, established during the Sultan I. Murat period, has recorded significant developments during the Fatih Sultan Mehmet period. However, in advanced periods, European experts have gone to the way to benefit from the recovery of the armor class that has not been able to follow the developments in the West. In 1772 the Gun Mektebi and the opening of the Hendesehane in 1775 were important steps taken towards the creation of a modern artillery class trained in the western style. The Sultan III. Selim and Sultan II. With the work of the healing during the Mahmut period, the gunman's coat recorded a number of distances. The Sultan II. In the period of Abdülhamit, the most evident characteristic of the army was the growth of the gun group and the establishment of the gun groups. But during this period, the gunman's training and the lack of maneuvering showed himself as a great lack. and II. After the announcement of Legacy, work was done to create a strong gun class. As a result of these studies, the instructions adopted on 18 July 1909 were decided to be transferred to the inspection body in the gun class. With the establishment of the Sahra Shooter and Heavy Shooter Inspector's Publicity departments in the Harbiye Nezareti organization, the shooter class has become a strong organization structure. During this period, the training of the gunman class, the instructions for shooting were given weight. By the arrangements made in the Army Organization in 1913, each army was independent and placed in the arms of gunmen. However, shortly after the First World War's explosion began the repair and structuring work. In the years of war including the Ottoman State, despite all the impossibilities, he has been struggling to fulfill the duty that lies on the army troops. In particular, the heroism and success of the Turkish gunman in the defense of Çanakkale has changed the fate of both the Turkish people and the war.
The artillery quarry, which was established for the first time in the Ottoman army during the reign of Sultan Murat I, made important developments during the reign of Mehmet the Conqueror. However, in the following periods, European experts were used to improve the declining artillery class, unable to keep up with the developments in the west. The opening of the Artillery School in 1772 and the Hendesehane in 1775 were important steps towards the creation of a modern artillery class trained in western style. Sultan III. Selim and Sultan II. With the improvement works carried out during the reign of Mahmut, the artillery quarry has covered a considerable distance. Sultan II. During the reign of Abdülhamit, the most distinctive feature of the army was the growth of the artillery organization and the establishment of artillery divisions. However, the lack of artillery training and maneuvers during this period showed itself as a major deficiency. II. After the declaration of the Constitutional Monarchy, studies were carried out to create a strong artillery class. As a result of these studies, it was decided to move to the inspectorate in the artillery class with the instruction adopted on 18 July 1909. With the establishment of Field Artillery and Heavy Artillery Inspector General's offices in the Ministry of War, the artillery class had a strong organizational structure. In this period, the training of the artillery class and shooting exercises were emphasized. With the arrangements made in the army organization in 1913, artillery battalions were included in each army, independent corps and divisions. However, the outbreak of the First World War after a short time left the rehabilitation and reconstruction efforts started. Despite all the impossibilities, during the war years, including the Ottoman Empire, the artillery units struggled to fulfill their duties duly. In particular, the heroism and success of the Turkish artillery in the defense of Çanakkale changed the fate of both the Turkish nation and the war.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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