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Bu çalışma ekonominin bütününü oluşturan sektörlerin toplam istihdam içerisinde aldıkları payları analiz ederek, sektörel verimlilikleri karşılaştırmaktadır. Gelişmiş ülkelerde sektörlerin verimlikleri arasındaki fark en aza indirilmiştir ancak yapısal dönüşümünü sağlam temellere dayandırmayan ülkelerde sektörler arası verimlilik farkları yüksek olmakta ve istihdam belirli sektörlerde yoğunlaşmaktadır. Toplam verimi artırmak ve ekonomik büyümeyi sürdürülebilir hale getirmek için yapısal dönüşümü sağlamanın yanı sıra sektörlerin kendi verimliliklerini artırmak gereklidir. Öncelikle bu çalışmada, 2009-2019 yılları arasındaki sektörel verilerle yapısal dönüşüm endeksi hesaplanarak seçilen yıllar içerisinde Türkiye’de sektörel istihdamın ve katma değerlerin değişimleri analiz edilmiştir. Yapısal dönüşümün yanı sıra sektörel ayrışma analizi yapılarak, toplam verimliliğinin ne ölçüde sektörlerin iç etkilerinden kaynaklandığı ve ne ölçüde yapısal dönüşümden kaynaklandığı incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları, yapısal dönüşümün seçilen dönem içerisinde gerçekleşmediğini, artan verimliliğin ise literatüre uyumlu olarak sektörlerin iç etkilerinden kaynaklandığını ortaya koymaktadır.
Analysis of the share of the sectors that make up the entire economy in the total employment, compares the sectoral efficiency. In developed countries, the difference between the efficiency of sectors has been minimized; but in countries that do not build structural transformation on solid foundations, the difference between the efficiency of sectors is high and employment is concentrated in certain sectors. It is necessary to provide structural transformation in order to increase overall productivity and make economic growth sustainable, as well as to increase sectors’ own efficiency. First of all, in this study, the changes in sectoral employment and added values in Turkey were analyzed in the selected years by calculating the structural transformation index with sectoral data between 2009-2019 years. In addition to the structural transformation as well as the analysis of the sectoral separation, it has been studied how much the overall efficiency is derived from the internal influences of the sectors and how much it is derived from the structural transformation. The results of the study show that the structural transformation did not occur within the selected period, and that the increased efficiency, in accordance with the literature, was caused by the internal impacts of the sectors.
This study analyzes the shares of the sectors that make up the whole economy in total employment and compares the sectoral productivity. In developed countries, productivity differences between sectors have been minimized; however, in countries that do not base their structural transformation on productivity, productivity gaps between sectors are high and employment is concentrated in certain sectors. In order to increase productivity and make economic growth sustainable, it is necessary to achieve structural transformation and increase the productivity of the sectors themselves. First of all, in this study, the changes in sectoral employment and added values in Turkey are analyzed by calculating the structural transformation index with sectoral data between the years 2009-2019. In addition to structural transformation, sectoral decomposition analysis is carried out and the within effects of sectors and the effect of structural transformation on total productivity are examined. The results of the study show that the structural transformation did not occur during the selected period, while the increased productivity was due to the internal effects of the sectors in accordance with the literatüre.
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