Özet:

Chingiz Aitmatov is one of the literary figures who reflects the society and the world in which he lived holistically in his works. He increases awareness on important social issues and opportunities. By associating the opportunities and issues he encounters in social areas such as family, religion, economic relations, cultural identity, human-nature relations with the human element in the Soviet-era, he draws attention to the status and goals of the current institutional education system. In this article, the reflections of the Soviet-era education system in Aitmatov’s works will be analyzed comprehensively. As seen in the story The First Teacher, for a period of time, he supported the Soviet ideology and education system by portraying it in an enlightenment context. In the novel The White Ship, he presents the Soviet education system as a blank signifier; although the school is one of the principal subjects of the novel, the reader does not know what kind of education is provided there. In the novels The Day Last More Than a Hundred Years and The Cloud that offended Genghis Khan, the concept of “mankurt” is developed. He also focuses on the destruction of the education system in terms of moral and cultural values. Within the scope of these themes, it is possible to categorize Aitmatov’s view of the Soviet education system in three periods that can be characterized as positive, neutral and negative perspectives. Alternatively, his work is shaped by the concepts of enlightenment, dysfunction and Mankurtization.

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