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Osmanlı Devleti’nin çözülme sürecini, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman’ın vefatından başlatan yaklaşımlar vardır. Bu klasik bir yaklaşımdır, ancak tarihçiler ve sosyal bilimciler arasında taraftar bulmuştur. Bu anlayış Halil İnalcık gibi tarihçilerle değişir. Osmanlı Devleti, yıkılmadan evvel yavaş biçimde geri çekilme stratejisi izlemiş, toprak kaybına rağmen devletin varlığını yaklaşık 200 yıl daha sürdürebilmiştir. Bu 200 yılın son 70-80 yılında ise askeri gücündeki zayıflamaya rağmen, incelikli siyaseti ve bunu yürüten kadroları ile varlığını korumuştur. Bu küresel siyaset yapma gücü, Osmanlı Devleti’nin yıkılmasına engel olamamakla birlikte, burada elde edilen deneyimler çeşitli biçimlerde Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’ne aktarılır. Osmanlı son dönemi, yoğun bir değişim ve aynı zamanda bu değişime direnç sürecidir. Bu yıllarda köklü reformlar, devletten bağımsız bir aydın sınıfının oluşumu, yeni toplumsal ve siyasi düzenlemeler, eğitim, hukuk, ekonomi, ordu, sağlık, ticaret, ulaşım, madencilik ve diğer tüm yaşam alanlarında derinlikli dönüşümler gerçekleşir. Bu değişim sürecinde; varlık, bilgi ve değer alanlarını belirleyen epistemoloji de dönüşür. Çözülme dönemi, 1839 yılında başlayan Tanzimat süreci, dönemin kadroları ve Osmanlı’nın çöküş süreci, farklı ideolojiye sahip her Cumhuriyet aydının çalıştığı temel konulardandır. Tanzimat, günümüz toplum ve devlet yapısına aktardıkları ile temel öneme sahip bir dönemdir. Bu dönem anlaşılmadan Cumhuriyet’in anlaşılması mümkün değildir. Cahit Tanyol (1914- ...) ve Şerif Mardin (1927-2017), sosyal bilimci ve sosyolog kimlikleriyle bu dönem üzerinde çalışmışlar, eserler vermişlerdir. Onların çalışmalarının karşılaştırmalı bir incelemesi, hem Cumhuriyet döneminden geriye doğru oluşturulan tarihsel ve sosyolojik yaklaşımların ortaya konulması, hem de Türkiye’nin mevcut sorunları için daha etkili çözümler üretilmesi açısından katkı vericidir.
The process of dissolution of the Ottoman State has been initiated by the Law of Sultan Suleyman. This is a classic approach, but it has found a fan among historians and social scientists. This understanding changes with historians like Halil Innalcık. The Ottoman State has followed the slowly withdrawal strategy before its collapse, and despite the land loss, the state has been able to continue its existence for more than 200 years. In the last two hundred and eighty-eight years, though its military power has weakened, it has preserved its subtle politics and its staff and its existence. Although this global political power cannot prevent the collapse of the Ottoman State, the experience obtained here is transferred to the Republic of Turkey in various forms. The Ottoman last period is an intense change and at the same time a process of resistance to this change. During these years, root reforms, the formation of a clear class independent of the state, new social and political arrangements, education, law, economy, army, health, trade, transport, mining and all other areas of life are taking place in profound transformations. In this process of change, epistemology that determines the fields of existence, knowledge and value also turns. The period of dissolution, the Tanzimat process, which began in 1839, the staff of the period and the process of the fall of the Ottoman, are the main topics of each Republic's light with a different ideology. Tanzimat is a period of fundamental importance with what they transfer to today’s society and state structure. It is not possible to understand the Republic without this time. Cahit Tanyol (1914–1914). Sheriff Mardin (1927-2017), with social scientists and sociologists’ identities, worked on this period, gave works. A comparative review of their work is contributing to the discovery of historical and sociological approaches created backwards from the Republic period, as well as to the production of more effective solutions to the current problems of Turkey.
There are approaches that initiate the decline of the Ottoman Empire from after the death of Suleiman the Magnificent. This is a classic approach, but has found supporters among historians and social scientists. This understanding has changed with historians such as Halil İnalcık. The Ottoman Empire followed a slow withdrawal strategy before it collapsed, despite the loss of land, the state has been able to maintain its existence for about 200 years. In spite of the weakening of the military power in the last 70-80 years of this 200 years, it has maintained its existence with its successful politics and its bureaucrats. This global policy making power, along with failing to prevent the decadence of the Ottoman Empire, the experience gained here has been transmitted to the Republic of Turkey. The last period of the Ottoman Empire was an intense change and at the same time the process of resistance to change. In these years deep-rooted reforms, the formation of an independent intellectual class from the state, new social and political regulations, education, law, economy, army, health, trade, transportation, mining and all other living spaces are deeply transformed. During this process of change; the epistemology that determines the fields of existence, knowledge and value is also transformed. Dissolution period, the Tanzimat process which started in 1839, the cadres of the Tanzimat period and the decadence/collapse of the Ottoman Empire were the main subjects that every Republican intellectual with different ideologies worked. Tanzimat is a period of fundamental importance with the transfer of the term’s qualifactions to present society and the state. It is not possible to understand the Republic without understanding this period. Cahit Tanyol (1914- ...) and Şerif Mardin (1927-2017) have worked on this period with the identities of social scientists and sociologists. A comparative analysis of their work, to reveal the historical and sociological approaches in which backwards Republic and is important for finding more effective solutions to Turkey’s current problems.
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