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Yapısı ve işleyiş özellikleri itibariyle kendine özgü bir bütünleşme modeli olan Avrupa Birliği (AB) bir devlet olmamasına rağmen devlet egemenliğinin en önemli sembollerinden biri olan diplomasiyi hem kullanmakta hem de kendine özgü bir yapıda geliştirmektedir. AB’nin uluslararası aktörlüğü ile yakından ilgili olan AB diplomasisi Maastricht Antlaşması ile yapısallaşmaya ve kurumsallaşmaya başlamışsa da 1 Aralık 2009 tarihinde yürürlüğe giren ve AB’nin uluslararası aktörlüğünü güçlendiren Lizbon Antlaşması’nın getirdiği yenilikler neticesinde yeni bir zemin kazanmıştır. Antlaşma ile AB’nin diplomatik birimi olarak kurulması kararlaştırılan Avrupa Dış Eylemler Servisi (ADES), AB’nin Vestfalyan diplomasi olarak da adlandırılabilecek geleneksel diplomasiye bir meydan okumasıdır. Ancak, geçen altmış yılı aşkın zaman diliminde küresel gelişmelere uyum adına diplomasi anlayışında değişiklikler yapılmış olsa da ulusal diplomatik sistemler AB içindeki baskınlığını sürdürmektedir. Bu çalışmada AB’nin Lizbon Antlaşması ile oluşturulmaya çalışılan diplomatik sisteminin ne ölçüde geleneksel devlet merkezli diplomasiden ayrıldığı ve nasıl ulusal diplomasilerin hâlâ egemen sistemler olarak varlıklarını devam ettirdiği tartışılacaktır. Çalışmanın amacı, ADES’in kurulduğu günden itibaren gösterdiği performansı değerlendirmek yerine yirmi birinci yüzyılda değişen küresel diplomatik sistemin ışığında, AB diplomasisinin nasıl şekillendiğini ve AB’nin diplomatik aktörü olarak ADES’in diplomasi anlayışını ve yapısını ortaya koymaktır. Lizbon Antlaşması’nın yürürlüğe girişinin onuncu yıl dönümü olması sebebiyle konuya tekrar dikkat çekmekte ve AB’nin diplomatik gelişimini tartışmakta fayda olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Although the European Union (EU) is not a state, which is a unique integration model in its structure and functional characteristics, it uses and develops diplomacy, which is one of the important symbols of state sovereignty. Although the EU diplomacy, which is closely related to the international activity of the EU, has begun to structurate and corporate with the Maastricht Treaty, it has gained a new ground as a result of the innovations of the Lisbon Treaty, which entered into force on 1 December 2009 and strengthened the international activity of the EU. The European External Action Service (ADES), which is agreed to establish the EU as a diplomatic unit by the Treaty, is a challenge to the traditional diplomacy of the EU, which can also be called Vestphalian diplomacy. However, in the past six decades there have been changes in the understanding of diplomacy in order to adjust to global developments, although national diplomatic systems continue to dominate within the EU. This study will discuss how much the diplomatic system of the EU is separated from the traditional state-based diplomacy and how national diplomacy continues to exist as dominant systems. The aim of the study is to reveal the understanding and structure of the diplomacy of the ADES as a diplomatic actor of the EU, in the light of the global diplomatic system that has changed in the twenty-first century, instead of evaluating the performance that the ADES has shown since its establishment. As the Lisbon Treaty is the tenth anniversary of its entry into force, it is considered to be useful to discuss the diplomatic development of the EU.
Although the European Union (EU), which is a unique model of integration in terms of its structure and operational characteristics, is not a state, it frequently fulfils sovereignty-based functions of the states. Diplomacy as one of the most important symbols of state sovereignty is one of them. The EU not only uses diplomacy but also develops it in a very unique structure as well. The EU diplomacy, which is closely related to the international actorness of the EU, has begun to be structured and institutionalized with the Maastricht Treaty. However, with the innovations of the Treaty of Lisbon, which entered into force on 1 December 2009, the EU diplomacy has gained a new ground. The European External Service (EEAS), which was decided to be established by the Treaty of Lisbon as the EU’s diplomacy institution, is a challenge of the EU to the traditional state diplomacy which can also be called as Westphalian diplomacy. However, even though there have been modifications and transformations in the EU diplomacy over the last sixty years to adapt it to the changing global diplomatic developments, national diplomatic systems continue to dominate the EU. This study will discuss to what extent the EU’s diplomatic system diverges from the traditional state-centred diplomacy and how the national diplomacies can still remain as the dominant systems in the EU’s diplomatic framework. The aim of the study is not to evaluate the performance of the EEAS since its foundation. Rather, this study aims to reveal how the EU diplomacy has been shaped in the light of the changing global diplomatic system of the twenty-first century and to discuss the diplomatic structure and understanding of the EEAS as the EU’s diplomatic actor. Since it is the tenth anniversary of the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon, it is important to recallr the issue and re-evaluate the EU’s diplomatic evolution.
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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