Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından 12 Mart 2020 tarihinde pandemi olarak ilan edilen Covid-19 salgını, kısa sürede tüm dünyayı etkisi altına almıştır. Hayatı pek çok açıdan son derece olumsuz şekilde etkileyen salgın, dünya ticareti ve ekonomisine de büyük zarar vermiştir. Covid-19 salgınının olumsuz etkileri ile ilk ve en ağır şekilde yüzleşen sektörlerden biri, kuşkusuz deniz ticaretidir. Zira uluslararası ticarette taşımacılık büyük oranda deniz yolu ile gerçekleştirilmektedir. Gemilerin dünyanın çok çeşitli limanlarına uğraması dolayısıyla salgının başlaması ile birlikte denizcilik sektöründe etkileri de hissedilmeye başlanmıştır. Çalışmada salgının deniz yoluyla eşya taşıyanın sorumluluğuna ve taşıyanın navlun alacağına etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu çerçevede öncelikle taşıyanın Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nun Deniz Ticareti Hukuku’na ayrılan 5. Kitabı’nda düzenlenen sorumluluk sebeplerinden, geminin başlangıçtaki elverişsizliğinden sorumluluğu (TTK m 1141) ile eşyanın zıyaa veya hasara uğraması yahut geç teslim edilmesinden ileri gelen zararlardan sorumluluğu (TTK m 1178 vd) bakımından salgının etki ve sonuçları değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Daha sonra salgına bağlı sebeplerle eşyanın zıyaa veya hasara uğramasının taşıyanın navlun alacağına etkisi ile, navlunun zaman üzerine kararlaştırıldığı hâllerde, salgın nedeniyle yolculuğun kesintiye uğraması veya uzamasının navlunun hesaplanmasına etkisi ele alınmıştır.
The Covid-19 epidemic, which was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 12, 2020, has soon hit the entire world. The epidemic, which has affected his life in many ways, has also hurt the world trade and the economy. One of the first and most serious sectors faced with the negative effects of the Covid-19 epidemic is undoubtedly maritime trade. International transportation is largely carried out by sea. As the ships entered many ports in the world, with the start of the epidemic, the effects in the maritime sector have also begun to be felt. The study has studied the impact of the epidemic on the responsibility of the cargo carrier through the sea and the carrier will receive the ship. In this framework, the first part of the Turkish Trade Act is divided into the Maritime Trade Act. For the reasons of liability stipulated in the book, the responsibility for the initial disadvantage of the ship (TTK m 1141) and the responsibility for damages resulting from the loss or damage of the goods or late delivery (TTK m 1178 vd) were attempted to assess the effects and consequences of the epidemic. After the cause of the epidemic, the effect of the loss of the goods or damage to the carrier will get the shipyard, in cases where the shipyard is agreed on time, the effect of the trip being interrupted due to the epidemic or the extension of the shipyard is considered to be calculated.
The World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 epidemic a pandemic on March 12, 2020. In a short time, the coronavirus disease had affected the entire world. Among the many negative consequences of the pandemic is damage to the world trade and economy. The maritime industry initially faced the worst effects of the pandemic. This is because the transportation in international trade is mostly performed by sea. Because the ships visit numerous ports all around the world, maritime commerce was affected instantly from the time the pandemic began. In this study, the effects of pandemic on maritime carrier’s liability and the carrier’s right to recover freight charges were researched. First, the consequences of the pandemic were discussed with regard to the unseaworthiness of the ship at the beginning of the voyage. Then, the issue was approached with respect to the liability of the carrier for loss resulting from loss of or damage to the goods or from delay in delivery. Finally, the effect of interruption or delay of the voyage due to the pandemic on the calculation of freight fixed per time and the effect of the loss or damage to the goods due to the pandemic on the carrier’s right to recover freight charges were examined. These issues were studied with regard to the provisions of Turkish Commercial Code regulating maritime commerce.
Alan : Hukuk
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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