Abstract:

One having organic patterns and the other having been designed to have an even geometry, these two types of cities which emanate from the cluster of naturally occurring sites create a contrast. The complexity of Anatolian cities is in opposition to the general urban planning concepts (gabarites, story height, precedents, etc.). Bergama, ranking among such cities, is the model city for this study. Bergama is one of the exceptional cities where the ancient periods can be traced back to the start of first urban organization that is 2nd century BC. The purpose of the study is to analyze the spatial structuring of the city within the historical process and to fictionalize the cultural and historical geography of the city. In this context, analyses have been performed focusing on the street patterns which are the anatomy of the main structure of the city. Understanding the morphology of the city in the light of space syntax method is the first step of the method. Accordingly, the periodical maps in literature are investigated, and the development of the city in different periods is defined. The settlement dating back to 6th century BC is examined in terms of urban growth for the pre-Hellenistic Period, Hellenistic Period, Roman and Byzantine Empire Periods, the period continuing with the pre-Ottoman states upon the settlement of Turks in the city, Seljuk and Ottoman Empires and the Republic Period. Finally, the results in the pattern are discussed upon studying a single important intervention changing the pattern of the city in 1990. In conclusion, it is pointed out that the spatial changes occur in parallel with changes in social structure and the interventions to the pattern without performing an analysis on the formation of the city modifies the social structure. From the point of view that cities forming organically are directly endowed with the sustainability character, the relation between spatial sustainability and social sustainability is discussed. Keywords: Bergama, Historical Geography, Urban, Morphology, Spatial Sustainability