Özet:

The importance of the science of mathematics in Islamic civilization has been brought to light by the studies of Islamic science historians. Investigating the reasons behind the scientific efforts of Muslims and revealing the connections between these reasons and the obligations of the Islam religion, if any, will be the output of another study. The study we refer to here is interdisciplinary, just like research on the history of science, and can only be accomplished through the joint efforts of the field experts of Islamic sciences and science historians. In this aspect, our research serves as a starting point for new studies on this subject in our country. Revealing the relationship between Islamic sciences and mathematical sciences not only concerns Islamic sciences and mathematical sciences as a tool but will also serve as a source for researchers in both fields and provide guidance to today's Muslims for developing a scientific attitude. Our study draws attention to the connection between the ʿIlm al-Farāʾiḍ, a branch of Islamic sciences, and the science of mathematics. Our study points out the place of farāʾiḍ science in the content of Islamic period mathematics books, starting with Hārizmī, the owner of the first algebra book known in the world. Based on the existence of studies conducted on pre-Ottoman Islamic period sources, our study focused on the context of the Ottomans, who took over the scientific culture of Islamic civilization. In our study, farāʾiḍ problems were exemplified in mathematics books written or used, especially in the classical Ottoman period. Our study is a qualitative research based on text analysis. A descriptive research technique was used in the general sense, and a case study as a sub-method of this technique was used throughout the study. The study's sample area was chosen in line with the target theme, and it was tried to be as wide as possible. Important calculus-algebra books of the Islamic period, calculus-algebra books studies in Ottoman madrasahs, and classical Turkish calculus books written in Ottoman lands constitute the sample area of this study. Primary sources and studies and secondary sources, including related studies on these sources, were used throughout the research. The research, as a result, revealed that the science of farāʾiḍ is a highly effective concept in developing the science of mathematics in Islamic civilization. The research stated that the aim of 'facilitating the calculations of farāʾiḍ was widely adopted in the software of the important calculus and algebra books of the Islamic period. It is also expressed in this study that the behavior mentioned above was practiced in the Ottoman lands as well as in the pre-Ottoman Islamic civilization. In this context, the continuation of the research drew attention to the existence of farāʾiḍ problems in the mathematics books known to be frequently studied in Ottoman madrasahs. The last part of the study mentions the effect of the Islamic period science tradition in the Turkish science culture, which is tried to be created, referring to the continuation of the farāʾiḍ subject in the Turkish algebra books written in the Ottoman lands. This research is a first in our country's science history regarding its subject and the results achieved. This research is thought to make both science history researchers and experts of Islamic scientists recognize the relationship between Islamic sciences-fiqh and mathematical sciences as 'worth studying.' New and comprehensive research on the subject will undoubtedly shed light on many questions still waiting to be clarified about our history of science. It is also thought that the new studies will benefit Muslim society to develop scientific activities in line with its ancient tradition, as long-awaited.

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