Kafkasya tarih boyunca jeopolitik ve jeostratejik açıdan önemli bir yere sahip olmuştur. Bu özellikleri Rusya’nın Çarlık döneminde başlayan yayılmacılık politikası kapsamında işgal sebebi olmuş, 16. yüzyılda bölgeye nüfuz etmeye başlayan Rusya 18. yüzyılda bölgede işgal girişimleri ile sömürgeci bir politika izlemiştir. Rusların Kafkasya’da giriştikleri bu işgal ve asimilasyon hareketlerine karşı bölge halkında bağımsızlıklarını, kültürlerini ve inançlarını korumak üzere büyük bir mücadele ruhu oluşmuştur. Bu mücadele İmam Şeyh Şamil liderliğinde zirveye ulaşarak “Gazavat” adı altında sürdürülmüş ancak askeri ve siyasi faktörler sebebiyle 1859 yılında Şeyh Şamil’in teslim olmasıyla birlikte zayıflamıştır. 20. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğine kadar süren mücadelelerle istenilen sonuca varılamamış ve bölge Rusya’nın hâkimiyeti altına girmiştir. Ancak mücadelenin bitmediği günümüzde Rusya’nın hâkimiyetinde bulunan Kuzey Kafkasya’da zamana ve zemine göre başlayan hareketlenmelerden anlaşılmaktadır. Bu makalede Kafkasya Gazavatı ve Şeyh Şamil ile bu mücadelenin geçtiği Kafkasların coğrafyası, tarihi, etnik ve inanç yapısı incelenmeye çalışılmıştır.
The Caucasus has had a significant geopolitical and geostrategic position throughout history. These characteristics have been the cause of occupation within the framework of the expansion policy of Russia that began in the Tsar period, and in the 16th century Russia began to penetrate the region, and in the 18th century it followed a colonial policy with its attempts to occupy the region. A great spirit of struggle has formed in the region against these occupation and assimilation movements that the Russians entered in the Caucasus to protect their independence, culture and beliefs. This struggle was continued under the name "Gazavat" by Imam Sheikh Shamil, but was weakened due to military and political factors in 1859 with the surrender of Sheikh Shamil. 20 is. With the struggles that lasted until the first quarter of the century, the desired outcome was not achieved and the region was under the rule of Russia. But the struggle has not ended, it is understood by the movements in the northern Caucasus, which is now under the rule of Russia, starting by time and ground. In this article, the Caucasian Gazavati and Sheikh Shamil and this struggle were attempted to study the geography, history, ethnic and religious structure of the Caucasians.
Historically, the Caucasus has been an important region in geopolitical and geostrategic terms. These characteristics became a reason for occupation within the scope of Russian policy of expansionism that began in the Tzardom period. Beginning to penetrate the region in the 16th century, Russia followed a colonialist policy in the region through occupation attempts in the 18th century. In the face of these Russian occupation and assimilation attempts in the Caucasus, the local people of the region developed a great spirit of struggle to protect their independence, culture and belief. The struggle culminated under the leadership of Imam Shamil and maintained under the name of “Ghazwat” (holy wars) but it eventually weakened when Imam Shamil surrendered in 1859 due to military and political factors. Despite the struggles that continued until the first quarter of the 20th century, the desired result could not be reached, and the region came under Russian domination. However, the fact that this struggle has not ended is understood from the movements that begin in various times and places in the Russian-dominated North Caucasus. The present article attempted to address the Caucasian Ghazwat, Imam Shamil, and the geography, history, and the ethnic and religious structure of the Caucasus as the stage of this struggle.
Alan : İlahiyat
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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