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Ruhun ve bedenin niteliği birçok felsefî ve dinî öğretinin üzerinde durduğu bir konu olarak yüzyıllar boyu tartışılmıştır. İnsanın doğasını ve varoluşunu belirleyen bu iki unsur arasında nasıl bir ilişki olduğu üzerinde düşünen Antik Yunan filozoflarıyla başlayan tartışmalar, Ortaçağ filozofları tarafından da devam ettirilmiştir. Bu tartışmalar İslam filozoflarını da etkilemiş, özellikle Platon ve Aristo’nun ruh ve bedenle ilgili yaklaşımları İslam filozofları üzerinde etkili olmuştur. Ruhun bedenden daha üstün bir varlık olduğunu düşünen Platon, bedeni ruhun kafesi olarak nitelendirmiştir. Ruh ve beden arasında varoluşsal bir zıtlık gören bu düşüncenin etkileri doğrudan olması bile dolaylı olarak Tevfik Fikret’in şiirlerinde de görülmektedir. Melankolik bir mizaca sahip olan Tevfik Fikret, somut gerçeklik karşısında ütopik dünyalara sığınma arzusunu duyarken ruh ve beden arasında sürekli bir ayrım ve çatışma hisseder. Bu çatışmanın yansıdığı şiirlerde ruh, saflığın ve masumiyetin sembolü iken beden kirlenmişliğin sembolü olarak anlam kazanır. Ruhun bedenle kuruduğu ilişkiyi bir “iniş/düşme” olarak gören Tevfik Fikret, bazı şiirlerinde ruhun bu durumdan dolayı ıstırap çektiğini ve bundan kurtulmak istediğini dile getirmiştir. Bu duyguları dile getirdiği şiirlerinde ruh-beden arasında varoluşsal bir uyumsuzluk gören Tevfik Fikret, muhayyel mekânlar kurgulayarak bu uyumsuzluğu aşmak istemiştir. Onun şiirlerinde “saflık” ve “masumiyet” olguları da bu bağlamda anlamlandırılmıştır. Dış dünyaya dönük duygularında, varlıklara ve durumlara bakışında her zaman bu iki olgunun çerçevelediği bir bakış açısı kullanmıştır.
The nature of the soul and body has been discussed for centuries as a subject that stands on many philosophical and religious doctrines. The discussions that began with ancient Greek philosophers, who thought about the relationship between these two elements that determined the nature and existence of man, were also continued by medieval philosophers. These discussions also influenced the Islamic philosophers, especially Platon and Aristotle’s approaches to the spirit and body had an impact on the Islamic philosophers. Plato, who believes that the soul is a creature superior to the body, described the body as the cave of the soul. Even the effects of this thought, which sees an existential contradiction between the soul and the body, are indirectly seen in the poems of Tevfik Fikret. With a melancholic mood, Tevfik Thought feels a constant distinction and conflict between soul and body while hears the desire to shelter into the utopian worlds in the face of the concrete reality. In the poems reflected by this conflict, the soul is a symbol of purity and innocence, while the body is a symbol of pollution. The Tevfik Fikret, who sees the relationship that the soul drops with the body as a "down/fall", in some poems says that the soul suffers because of this condition and wants to get rid of it. In his poems he expressed these feelings, Tevfik Fikret, who saw an existential disharmonic between spirit and body, wanted to overcome this disharmonic by establishing the imaginary spaces. In his poems, the phenomena of "clearness" and "innocence" are also understood in this context. In his feelings towards the external world, he has always used a view that these two phenomena frame.
The existence and the characteristics of soul and body have been long debated as a subject on which philosophical and religious doctrines have focused on for centuries. The debates that started with Ancient Greek philosophers who thought about what kind of a relationship existed between these two concepts that determine the nature and existence of people were also continued by Medieval philosophers. These debates also influenced Islamic philosophers who were especially influenced by the views of Plato and Aristotle related to soul and body. Plato who believed that soul is an entity that is superior to human body considered the body as the cage for the soul. The effects of this idea which supports the existential conflict between the soul and the body are also reflected in Tevfik Fikret’s poems maybe not directly but somehow indirectly. Tevfik Fikret, who has melancholic humour, feels a distinction and a conflict between the soul and body while having desire to take refuge in a utopic world against the concrete reality. In these poems in which this conflict is reflected, the soul is the symbol of purity and innocence while the body gains a meaning as the symbol of impurity/contamination. Tevfik Fikret, who considers the relationship the soul establishes with the body as a ‘decline/fall’ mentions in some of his poems that the soul suffers from this situation and wants to get out of it. Tevfik Fikret, who sees an existential disharmony between the soul and the body in the poems where he verbalizes these thoughts wanted to overcome this disharmony by fictionalizing imaginary places. The concepts of ‘purity’ and ‘innocence’ have also been interpreted in this respect in his poems. In his feelings related to external world and in his views regarding entities and situations, he has always adopted a perspective which is shaped by these two concepts.
Alan : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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