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Osmanlı devletinde askerî amaçlı at yetiştiriciliğinin yapıldığı sınırlı sayıdaki merkezlerden birisi de Kütahya olmuştur. Kütahya Kışlası hayvanların barınma, bakım ve beslenmeleri için uygun şartlara sahip bulunmaktadır. O nedenle, Kırım harbinden sonra satın alınan yabancı ırk atlardan oluşan iki süvari birliği, 1856 senesinde Kütahya Kışlasına yerleştirilmiştir. Bu olay, Kütahya’da ordu için at yetiştirilmesinin başlangıcı olmuştur. 93 Harbinde yaşanan hayvan eksikliği savaşın kaybedilmesinde büyük bir etken olmuş, orduya yeterli ve nitelikli hayvan sağlanması için yeni çözümler aranmıştır. Seraskerlik idaresinde, hayvan yetiştirme ve cinslerinin ıslah edilmesiyle ilgili faaliyet gösterecek modern haraların oluşturulmasına karar verilmiştir. 1888 senesinde ilk olarak Çifteler Çiftliği haraya dönüştürülmüştür. Kütahya’daki askerî çiftlik de bu yapılanmaya uygun olarak, Çifteler Harasına bağlı bir Hara-yı Hümâyûn haline getirilmiştir. Kütahya harasında, özellikle top arabaları vb. ağır yüklerin çekilmesinde kullanılan Macar ve Avrupa kökenli soğukkanlı ırklara ait büyük cüsseli atlar yetiştirilmiştir. II. Meşrutiyetten sonra, Kütahya harası da diğer haralarla aynı akıbeti paylaşarak büyük badireler geçirmiş, dönem dönem faaliyetleri durma noktasına gelmiştir. Her şeye rağmen Kütahya harası, Osmanlı devletinin sonuna kadar askerî çatı altında, hayvan varlığının bir kısmını korumayı başarmış ve yeni kurulan Türkiye Cumhuriyetine aktarmıştır. Bu çalışmada Kütahya’da askerî amaçlı hayvan yetiştirilmeye başlanması, askerî bir çiftliğin Hara-yı Hümâyûna dönüşüm süreci ve faaliyetleri ele alınmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kütahya Kışlası, Kütahya Harası, Çifteler Harası, Askerî Çiftlik, Macar Atları, Kadana/Katana Abstract Kütahya was one of the few centers where horse breeding was carried out for military purposes in the Ottoman state. Kütahya Barracks has suitable conditions for the shelter, care and feeding of animals. For this reason, two cavalry units consisting of foreign race horses purchased after the Crimean War were placed in the Kütahya Barracks in 1856. This event was the beginning of horse breeding for the army in Kütahya. The lack of animals in the 93 War was a major factor in the loss of the war, and new solutions were sought to provide sufficient and qualified animals to the army. Under the management of Serasker, it was decided to establish modern stud farms that would operate on animal breeding and breeding. In 1888, Çifteler Farm was first converted into a stud farm. In accordance with this structure, the military farm in Kütahya was turned into a Hara-yı Hümâyûn attached to the Çifteler Stud Farm. In the Kütahya stud farm, especially cannon carts and so on. Large-bodied horses belonging to Hungarian and European origin cold-blooded breeds used for pulling heavy loads were bred. II. After the Second Constitutional Monarchy, the Kütahya stud farm shared the same fate with the other stud farms and suffered great hardships, and its activities from time to time came to a standstill. Despite everything, the Kütahya stud farm managed to preserve some of its animal existence under the military roof until the end of the Ottoman state and transferred it to the newly established Republic of Turkey. In this study, the beginning of military animal breeding in Kütahya, the transformation process of a military farm into Hara-yı Hümâyûn and its activities are discussed. Keywords: Kütahya Barracks, Kütahya Stud Farm, Çifteler Stud Farm, Military Farm, Hungarian Horse, Kadana/Katana.
Kütahya Barracks is one of the few centers where horse breeding for military purposes was carried out in the Ottoman Empire. Because Kütahya Barracks has suitable conditions for the shelter, care and feeding of animals. Therefore, right after the end of the Crimean War (1853-1856), two cavalry units consisting of foreign breed horses procured through purchase were placed in the Kütahya Barracks. As a matter of fact, this event formed the starting point of horse breeding for the army in Kütahya. The fact that the lack of animals in the Ottoman-Russian War (1877-1878), or in other words, the lack of animals in the 93 War, was a major factor in the loss of the war, led to the search for new solutions in order to provide sufficient and qualified animals to the army. As a matter of fact, under the responsibility of the Serasker office, it was decided to form modern stud farms in order to raise animals and improve their breeds. In this context, the military farm in Kütahya was structured as a stud farm, taking as an example the Çifteler Farm (1888), which was first converted into a stud farm. In Kütahya Stud Farm, drawbar horses, which are used to transport heavy loads such as towing cannon carts, were raised. These horses belong to cold-blooded breeds of Hungarian and European origin; He has a large and heavy body, developed muscles, double rump, long legs and calm temperament. II. After the Second Constitutional Monarchy, Kütahya Stud Farm shared the same fate with other stud farms and survived great hardships and sometimes came to the point of stopping its activities. Kütahya Stud Farm; Despite everything, he preserved a significant part of the animals he raised under the military roof until the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, and then transferred them to the newly established Republic of Turkey. In this study, the beginning of military horse breeding in Kütahya, the transformation process of a military horse farm into Hara-yı Hümâyun and the activities of Hara-yı Hümâyun were tried to be revealed. In the research, Ottoman archival documents and works related to the literature were consulted and content analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, was used.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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