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“Kaşgar’dan Doğu Türkçesi Şiirler” başlığıyla bu çalışmada sunulan manzumeler, incelemenin esasını teşkil etmektedir. Şimdiye kadar üzerinde çalışma yapılmamış olan şiir mecmuası İsveç’teki Lund Kütüphanesinde mahfuz tutulmaktadır. İsveçli Türkolog Gunnar V. Jarring’in katalogda “Uygurca” olarak kaydettiği ve “Popüler Doğu Türkçesi Şiirleri” şeklinde tanımlandığı 2 varaklık eser, 1908’de Kaşgar’da, muhtemelen Doğu Türkçesi ile yazılmış bir el yazması külliyattan yahut bire bir aynı şekilde bulunan orijinal bir mecmuadan istinsah edilmiştir. Bilindiği gibi, Ali Şir Nevâyî’nin eserleri ile 15. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren klasik bir edebiyat dili hâlini alan Çağatay Türkçesi, yüzyıldan yüzyıla değişmeler göstererek ve kullanıldığı çeşitli bölgelere ait diyalektolojik özellikleri bünyesine katmak suretiyle 20. yüzyılın başlarına kadar, bazı çağdaş Türk lehçelerinin yazı dili olarak kullanılmaya başlamasına kadar geçen devrede, Osmanlı Devleti’nin dışındaki Türk dünyası için ortak yazı diliydi. Dil özellikleri açısından bakıldığında, araştırma konusu olan şiirlerin Çağatay Türkçesinin son devresi “Geç Dönem Çağatay Türkçesi” ile yazıldıkları ve 18. ya da 19. yüzyıla ait edebî ürünler oldukları değerlendirilmektedir. Tüm verilerin ışığında, bu çalışmada, filolojik bir metin inceleme metoduyla şiirler mercek altına alınmıştır. Metoda göre, ilkin şiirlerin Latin harflerine aktarılmış bir çeviri yazısı, ikinci olarak şiirlerin standart Türkiye Türkçesine aktarması ve üçüncü olarak şiirlerde kullanılmış tüm kelimelerin yapı, köken ve anlam açısından özelliklerini bildiren alfabetik bir söz varlığı dökümü hazırlanmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada, ele alınan şiirlerin kâğıt üzerindeki Arap harfli orijinal hâli, tıpkıbasımı sunulmuştur.
The manuscripts presented in this work with the title "Eastern Turkish Poems from Kazakhstan" are the basis of the study. The poem, which has not yet been studied, is stored in the Lund Library in Sweden. The Swedish Turkologist Gunnar V. Jarring has recorded in the catalogue as "Uygurca" and defined as "Popular Eastern Turkish Poems" in 1908 in the Caucasus, a handwriting probably written with Eastern Turkish was deprived of the culture or of an original mecma found in the same way. As you know, the works of Ali Shir Nevai are 15. From the second half of the century to the beginning of the 20th century, the Çağatay Turkish, which became a classical literary language, was the common written language for the Turkish world outside the Ottoman State, by showing changes from century to century and by adding the dialectological characteristics of the various regions in which it was used. In terms of language characteristics, the research subjects of the poems are considered to be written with the last edition of the Çağatay Turkish "Late Period Çağatay Turkish" and are literary products of the 18th or 19th century. In light of all the data, in this study, poems have been traced by a philological text examination method. According to the method, a translation text of the first poems translated into Latin letters, secondly, the translation of the poems into the standard Turkish and thirdly, an alphabetic phrase that reports the characteristics of all the words used in poems in terms of structure, origin and meaning. In the study, the original Arabic letter on the paper of the discussed poems was also presented.
The poems represented in this study under the title as “Eastern Turki Poems from Kashgar” constitute the main subject of this study. The poems on which no academical study conducted by now are kept in Sweden in the Library of Lund University. Swedish Turkologist Gunnar V. Jarring recorded in his catalogue that poems were written in Uighur language and defined the poems as “Popular Eastern Turki Poems”. Actually poems are consisted of 2 folios and they were copied in 1908 in Kashgar probably from a manuscript of a collected literary works or the original poetry folios. As is known, Chaghatai Turkic became a classical common literal language in the 15th century via Ali Şir Nevāyī’s works among the Turkic nations excluding Ottomans, but towards the 20th century, dominant character of Nevāyī’s Chaghatai decreased little by little in the Eastern Turki literature and also varied with some features of other Turkic dialects because of the effects of local speech in different regions. According to the linguistic results of this paper, the Eastern Turki poems, that is to say, the research subject, belong to the “Post-classical period of Chaghatai Turkic” and they are certainly the literal works of 18th or 19th century. In the view of this information, the poems are analyzed from the perspective of a philological methodology in the study. Firstly a transcription of the poems in Latin alphabet, secondly the translation of the poems into Standard Turkey Turkish and thirdly a glossary in which a list of words containing the morphological and etymological data are presented in comformity with the mentioned methodology. Additionally, the original facsimile of the poems in Arabic script is presented at the end.
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