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1917 Ekim Devrimi’nden sonra yönetimi ele geçiren Bolşevikler kendilerini ateist ilan ettiler ve tüm ülkede ateizm propagandası yapmaya başladılar. Yasalarla din ve devlet işlerini, aynı zamanda din ve eğitimi de birbirinden ayırdılar. Bu süreçte kiliseler, sinagoglar ve camiler toplu olarak kapatıldı, din adamları hapse atılarak ortadan kaldırılmaya çalışıldı. 1925 yılında “Savaşçı Allahsızlar Birliği” adı altında bir teşkilât kuruldu. Bu şekilde Komünist Parti toplumun dinî hayatı üzerine tekelini kurmuş oldu. 1922 yılında bütün basın ve yayını kontrol altında tutmak amacıyla Genel Edebiyat Komitesi kuruldu. Bu süreçte ülkeden beyin göçü gerçekleşti. Tüm ülkede din karşıtı yayınlar yapılmaya başladı. Bunların başında ise “Bezbojnik” (Allahsız) isimli gazete ve dergi geliyordu. “Bezbojnik” 1922-1941 yılları arasında ateizm propagandası yapmak ve din karşıtı düşünceleri savunmak amacıyla yayınlandı. Bu dergi ve gazete aynı zamanda Marksist ve Leninist düşünceleri de savunmakta idi. Bu tür yayınların devletin yürüttüğü güçlü ateizm propagandası doğrultusunda çok büyük etkisi vardı. Bundan dolayı da “Bezbojnik”in tirajının bazı zamanlarda 500 bini geçtiği de görülmektedir. Çalışmada Sovyetler Birliğindeki bu süreç ele alınmış ve din karşıtı yayınlardan olan “Bezbojnik” incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı Sovyetler Birliği’nde din karşıtı çalışmaları ortaya koyup yayınları incelemektir. Çalışma, Azerbaycan Devlet Arşivi ve Mirza Fethali Ahundov adına kütüphane arşivlerinde yer alan Rusça ve Azerbaycan Türkçesinde yazılmış olan Sovyet yayınları incelenerek analiz yapma yöntemiyle hazırlanmıştır.
After the October Revolution of 1917, the Bolsheviks, who took over the government, declared themselves as atheists and began to propagate atheism throughout the country. The laws separated religious and state affairs, and religious and educational affairs. During this process, churches, synagogues and mosques were closed collectively, and religious men were tried to be destroyed by throwing into prison. In 1925 a organization was established under the name of the "Warers of the Unbelievers Union". In this way, the Communist Party established its unity on the religious life of society. In 1922, the General Literary Committee was established in order to keep all the press and publication under control. In this process, a brain migration occurred from the country. Anti-religious publications have begun throughout the country. At the beginning of this, the newspaper and magazine called "Bezbojnik" came. The "Bezbojnik" was published between 1922-1941 with the aim of making propaganda of atheism and defending anti-religious ideas. This magazine and newspaper also defended Marxist and Leninist ideas. Such publications had a great impact in the direction of the powerful atheism propaganda conducted by the state. Therefore, it is also seen that "Bezbojnik"'s tirage at some time exceeds 500 thousand. The study discussed this process in the Soviet Union and studied the "Bezbojnik" from anti-religious publications. The purpose of the study is to reveal anti-religious studies in the Soviet Union and to study the publications. The study was prepared by the method of analysis by examining the Soviet publications in Russian and Azerbaijani Turkish written in the library archives on behalf of the Azerbaijani State Archive and Mirza Fethali Ahundov.
Coming to power after the October Revolution of 1917, the Bolsheviks declared themselves atheists and they started to propagate atheism over the whole country. In that period they issued a law separating religion from education and the state. Within that period, churches, synagogues and mosques were closed collectively and the clergymen were neutralised through imprisonment. Anti-religious propaganda began. In 1925, an organization called "League of Militant Atheists" was established. In this way, the Communist Party established a monopoly on the religious life of the society. In 1922, Main Administration for Literary and Publishing Affairs was established to keep all the press and publications under control. In the meantime, the country experienced brain drain. Anti-religious publications began to be published throughout the country. The most prominent of these was the newspaper and magazine called "Bezbozhnik" (The Godless). It was published between 1922-1941 in order to make atheism propaganda and defend anti-religious ideas. It also advocated Marxist and Leninist ideas. Such publications had a profound influence in line with the strong propaganda of atheism carried out by the state. Therefore, it is seen that the circulation of the magazine sometimes exceeded 500,000. In this study, this period in the history of the Soviet Union was discussed and "Bezbozhnik", which used to be one of the anti-religious publications, was analysed. The aim of this study is to introduce and analyse anti-religious studies and publications in the Soviet Union. The study will be conducted through method of analysis and by examining the Soviet publications written in Russian and Azerbaijani Turkish in the Azerbaijan State Archive and in the state library archives.
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