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Sosyalist ideolojinin uygulanması diğer bir ifade ile sistemin pratik hayatta kurulması yolunda, önlerinde yararlanabilecekleri bir tecrübenin bulunmadığı Rusya için Ekim Devrimi tarihi bir dönüm noktasıdır. XVI. yüzyıldan beri süre gelen Rus Çarlığı son bulurken ülkede bir süre devam eden iç savaş yılları ile ardından kurulan yeni ve hayatın her alanına sirayet edecek olan sosyalist düzen sadece Rus halkını değil Türk dünyasını da yakından ilgilendirmektedir. Nitekim Rusya Türklerinin siyasi hayatını olduğu gibi sosyal ve kültürel hayatını da etkilemiştir. Matbuat faaliyetleri Sovyet ideolojisinin dinamiklerini göstermesi bakımından bu etkinin gözle görülür nitelikte ortaya konduğu vasıtalardan birisi olmuştur. Devrimin hem hazırlık safhasında hem de gerçekleşmesinden sonra âdeta itici bir güç işlevi görmüştür. Bolşeviklerin kontrolü tam manasıyla ele geçirmesi noktasında Kırım, iç savaş yıllarının önemli bir çekişme sahası olmuştur. Kırım Muhtar Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti (1921-1941)’nin kurulmasıyla ise milli muhtariyet statüsü gerçekleşmiştir. Çalışmamızda Stalin’in iktidar yıllarına tekabül eden 1930’lu yıllarda Kırım’da faaliyet gösteren Edebiyat ve Kultura (Edebiyat ve Kültür) dergisindeki fikir yazıları ele alınmıştır. İçeriğinde ağırlıklı olarak sosyalist değerlere özgü, hayatın somut koşullarını çağrıştıran edebi malzeme ile karşılaştığımız dergi 1936 yılında yayın hayatına başlamıştır. Derginin mevcut olan yedi sayısı gerek fikir yazılarıyla gerekse edebi türlerin içeriğiyle dönemin gündemi ve Sovyet cemiyeti yaratma anlayışını Kırım Türklerine ait olan milli matbuat zemininde gösterir niteliktedir. Bu anlamda çalışmamızda yer verdiğimiz, dergi üzerinden yapılan değerlendirmeler matbuat - ideoloji ilişkisini yansıtan öğeler içermektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kırım Türkleri, Edebiyat ve Kültür, matbuat, ideoloji, SSCB.
The implementation of socialist ideology, in other words, is a historic turning point for Russia, where there is no experience they can benefit from in the way of the system is established in practical life. The XVI. The new and socialist order, which was established after the years of civil war that lasted for a period of a century, is closely concerned not only with the Russian people, but also with the Turkish world. In fact, Russia has influenced the political life of Turks as well as the social and cultural life of Turks. Matbuat activities have been one of the means for this effect to be visible in terms of the dynamics of the Soviet ideology. After the revolution, and after the revolution, the power of the power of the power of the power of the power of the power of the power. At the point of the Bolshevik's full-sensitive overtaking of control, Crimea has been a major scope of conflict during the years of the Civil War. With the establishment of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Crimea (1921-1941) the status of national sovereignty was achieved. Our study discussed the ideas in the 1930s of Literature and Culture (Literature and Culture) magazine that was active in Crimea, corresponding to Stalin's years of power. The magazine in which we met with literary material that is mainly characterized by socialist values, calling for the concrete conditions of life, began its publication life in 1936. The seven editions of the magazine are available to show the agenda of the period and the understanding of the creation of the Soviet community in the national matbuat ground that belongs to the Crimean Turks. In this sense, the assessments made through the magazine that we are involved in our work contain elements that reflect the matbuat-ideological relationship. Keywords: Crimean Turks, Literature and Culture, Matbuat, Ideology, the Soviet Union.
On the way to adopting socialist ideology, in other words, to its establishment in practical life, the October Revolution was an unprecedented historical turning point for Russia’s people who had not experienced such a regime before. While Tsarist Russia which had been surviving since the sixteenth century was collapsing, the newly established socialist regime that would spread to all parts of life involved not only the Russian people, but also the Turkic world. This regime influenced the social and cultural lives of Russian Turks as well as their political life. The press activities are one of the means that clearly reflects this effect in terms of showing the dynamics of Soviet ideology. It functioned as a propulsive force both in the preparation period of the revolution and after it was realized. Crimea was an important site of contention during the civil war while Bolshevists were gaining absolute control. The state of national autonomy was establishedfollowing the foundation of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1921-1941). This study discusses the essays in the journal of Edebiyat and Kultura (Literature and Culture) which was actively published in the 1930s, when Stalin was in power, in Crimea. The journal,the literary contents of which mainly included socialist values and tangible conditions of life, was first published in 1936. Both the essays and the literary contents of its seven issues, which are available now, reflect the agenda of the period and the understanding behind the creation of Soviet society from the perspective of the national press of Crimean Turks. Thus, our evaluations of the journal in this study reflect the relationship between the press and ideology.
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