Özet:

In this study, the historical sociological transformation of Turkey will be analyzed through the concepts of structure, essence and conjuncture. First of all, the weakness of the private property system can be pointed out. Another problem that needs to be addressed is the religious institution. There is no complete distinction between the state and the religion in the Ottoman society. Finally, the issue of ethnic diversity can be discussed. Turkey has no ethnic homogeneity. The ethnic diversity in the modernization of Ottoman-Turkey has raised security and beka concerns to the forefront. When we reinterpret social change in a substantial way, we face the issue of the absence of the bourgeoisie first. There is no bourgeois class that develops by itself depending on the conditions of late capitalism. It was created by the bourgeois state in Turkey. The absence of Aristocracy is the second important fact. It is the closest institution to Aristocracy. However, the impact on the social structure has been limited. The most important political essence is without a doubt bureaucracy. It can be said that from the Tanzimat bureaucracy to the Kemalist bureaucracy has internalized an increasingly revolutionary mission. The fundamental conjoncture determining social change is modernization. The economic, political and cultural aspects of modernization can be analyzed separately. As a result, it can be said that modernization of Turkey has a content close to fascist modernity in Barrington Moore's triple classification, referring to social conditions that weaken liberalism and socialism. Another of the results that the article reveals is that the modernization process of Turkey has a content close to Charles Tilly’s hard-intense state organization style.

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