Abstract:

All conjugation or derivation in Turkish can be made by suffixes. Besides, some postpositions or verbs in the function of dependent morphemes may also enable conjugation or derivation. It is very common for some verbs to be used as grammatical morphemes, though they are lexical (independent) morphemes, and there are many examples of this in many categories. Several structures are used to use the verbs as potential verbs, verbs of haste, durative verbs, approximative verbs, the commonest of which is the compound structures called “descriptive verbs”. These verbs are not used literally but as grammatical morphemes. The structure of the descriptive verbs in Turkish are as follow: {F1 (asıl fiil) -(y)A(zarf-fiil eki) F2 (yardımcı/tasviri fiil)-}. Any of these structures may mean different than the expected function (potentiality or haste, etc.). Sometimes, the expected function (potentiality or haste, etc) can be given using different structures. Approximative expresses that the action is almost done and that it is on the point of happening. Appropximative is a category related to the ‘tense’, ‘mood’, ‘manner’ and ‘aspect’ of the verbs. The commonest approximative structure in Turkish is {F-(y)A yaz-} made with descriptive verb structure: düşeyazdı (he was on the pointf of falling down), öleyazdı (he nearly died). This structure is seen in some historical and contemporary Turkic literary languages. Aproximative can be made in literary Turkish using several structures apart from {F-(y)A yaz-}, the commonest of which are as follow: {neredeyse F-(y)AcAKtI /-(y)AcAK}: Neredeyse ağlayacaktı. Neredeyse ağlayacak. {az daha / az kalsın F-(y)AcAKtI}: Az daha gülecektim. Az kalsın gülecektim. {F1-DI F1-(y)AcAK} : Çocuk düştü düşecek. In the dialects, we see approximative structure that cannot be seen in literary Turkish language. Mustafa Tanç has studies some structures made with the verb “ol- (be)”. In the Malatya Province dialects the structıres {F-(y)A yaz-}, {neredeyse F-(y)AcAK(tI)}, {az kalsın F-(y)AcAK(tI)},{F-DI F-(y)AcAK} etc. Are used. However, there is another compound structure expressing approximative but not used in the literary Turkish: {ediy ki F-(y)A} : • bacım başın mı agrıy? ediy ki agrıya. (Bacım başın mı ağrıyor? Neredeyse ağrıyacak / ağrıdı ağrıyacak) The use of the structure {ediy ki F-(y)A} with the conjugation of third person singular is common and characteristic. However, first and second person conjugations are also seen in Malatya and Elazığ. The features of the structure {ediy ki F-(y)A} can be shown as follow: in terms of aspect ‘proximative’; in terms of mood “approximation to the possible end; approximation, possible, probable”; in terms of tense “ future tense (something that has started or become evident is on the point of being completed)".

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