Abstract:

In the Cold War era, ‘Realism’ became the dominant theory of the "International Relations", which began to appear as an academic discipline after the World War I. The fact that ‘Realism’ explains modern international relations with the concepts and understanding of the nation-state that emerged in Europe and spread out of Europe which was revealed by Westphalia-System has been transformed into an indisputable reality. The Thirty Years War that erupted in 1618 in Central Europe, ended in 1648 as a result of the church-state separation between the Protestants and Catholics, based on the nation-state concept has led to the emergence of the "Westphalia-System" that is the nation-state understanding in Europe. During the period in which the "Westphalia-System" emerged as a nation-state understanding, there was a "Millet-System" with the principle of the management by religious or sect of communities living in the Ottoman Empire. The "Millet-System" faced a crisis in the 19th century with the spread of nationalist movements as a result of the "Westphalia-System" and eventually ended with the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire. In the post-Cold War era, it has been argued that if it is possible to establish the a peaceful world order  by preventing conflicts arising from ethnic, religious and sectarian divisions with the understanding of the "Millet-System" as an alternative world-system approach against challenges emerging in the form of globalization and ethno-centric locality against  the "Westphalia-System" . In this study, the international politics of the post-Cold War period is tried to be read with an understanding of the "Millet-System" which was put forward by Ahmet Davutoğlu,  as an alternative to the Westphalia-System, and the study is conclud

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