Abstract:

Republic of Turkey, from the early years of the organization, in order to ensure the economic development of the country and to progress politically, adopted the project of land reform and the idea of the improvement of agricultural sector as a national priority. In this research, "the Farmer Grounding Law (FGL)”s positive and negative contributions to the solution of economic problems were evaluated and the effects of the results of the applications in the political, social and economic life were discussed. In Turkey, the general conviction that land reform is needed, have been included in the program of the ruling Republican People's Party, legalization reform efforts also continued during the Second World War. After long term preparations, the Law No. 4753 dated June 11, 1945, FGL was adopted after long and intensive discussions in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The bill consists of 66 article collected in eight chapters, "Turkey must have a perception of those cultivating the land must have it and the ones who has the land must cultivate it” adopted as the principle basis. It is also stated that the state will provide necessary equipment for the continuous operation of the distributed land. However, the regulations in the FGL cannot be passed on enough due to various reasons, sufficient land allocation could not be made and machine-equipment and credit support could not be provided for the distributed farmers because the funds were insufficient. As the lands to be distributed were not mechanized, the number of small and inefficient land-possessed farmers increased. These divisions allowed land to be sold to wealthy landowners through renting or selling, with the goal being almost the opposite. Thus, the Law of Land Reform, legitimate in essence and justifiable in content, owing to the lack of necessary financial support and legal arrangements, could not be put into practice adequately and failed to meet the economic, political and social aspiration of the Republican People's Party (CHP). This law has also disquieted the landed gentry and strengthened the opposition movement within the party, which was recorded as one of the factors leading to the establishment of the Democrat Pary (DP) in history.  

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