Abstract:

The Soviet Union regime demanded from people who resided in its land to embrace socialist feelings, and asked them to follow the communist ideology. In fact, it forced people for that. For that reason, the belief, moral and family structure of Muslims who lived in the Soviet Union was intervened; Irreligiousness and atheism were imposed by the Soviet regime on Muslims. The aim of the Soviet regime was consisting of that to grow a model of "the Soviet people," without any exceptions, depriving all the citizens of the Soviet Union from the belief of God, religious moralities, and family culture. In the direction of this purpose, from kindergarten to higher education, a human-made moral and ethical principles were strived to infuse into individuals who were not based on any spiritual or religious belief. The atheism, the belief in the non-existence of God, was adopted as the main ideology in the Soviet Union era, primarily Muslims and Christians, and members of the other religions tried to live their religious lifes secretly and kept it as minimal. When the lifestyle of individuals who were atheist in the Soviet Union was examined; it was seen that these individuals were honest, simple, civil, loyal to the state, disciplined, observer of the rights in law. They follow the rules. However, these Soviet people were honest and of moral principles, generally because of fear and being oppressed by the regime or it is because of the achievement of the socialist education system, or its because the religious beliefs and consciousness were still surviving in the family and society? Especially after independence, this question was the first question that comes to minds. Furthermore, it can be seen that while the USSR was struggling to create an unbeliever but a moral society, and a educated society, it could not decide exactly what kind of criteria should be used to decide as the limits of morality and principles of morality. After a certain time, the USSR allowed Muslims who insisted in their beliefs to get religious education, but this religious education was also closely watched by the regime.

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