Özet:

The relationship of theology and philosophy have started as a result of a need that the scholars of Kalam Science feel when they have forced to confront the intellectuals belonging to foreign systems of cultures, beliefs and thoughts. A group who are fond of the rational contemplation and of philosophical thought understood that they could only defend their faith and world views against their competitors through the use of their style and their methods in the best way. Thus, they have great interest in the study of philosophical sciences and methods. This interest starting with the Mu’tazila followed after al-Gazzali, the initiator of the philosophical theology in the true sense, by a rapidly increasing trend until the period of annotation and commentary. Then this gradually weakening relationship has come to a standstill. Then this relationship began to become active again with the beginning of the era of the neo Ilm al-Kalam in the early twentieth century. I shall try in this study to assess the process in question with its important aspects and outlines.

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