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Sünni kelam paradigmasının üzerine inşa edildiği üç temel inanç esası olan usûl-i selâse, Mutezilenin usûl-i hamsesine alternatif geliştirilen bir doktrindir. Sünni kelam terminolojisinde inanç esaslarının üçe indirgendiği üç temel esas; ulûhiyet, nübüvvet ve ahirettir. Sistematik Sünni kelam disiplinin teşekküllüyle beraber kelam kitaplarının üçlü kategorik planı haline gelen usûl-i selâse doktrininin temel referansı Kur’an ve Hadistir. Usûl-i selâse’nin temel ilkelerini ana hatlarıyla ihtiva eden Kuranî referanslardan biri de Fatiha süresidir. Fatiha süresi, İslam inancının eksenini oluşturan bu üç temel ilkeyi ihtiva etmekle adeta İslam kelamının özü ve özeti niteliğini taşımaktadır. Bu bakımdan Fatiha, ilahiyat bahsinin ana konusu olan Allah’ı; semiyyat mevzusu olan meadı ve nübüvvet konusu olan peygamberlik müessesinin gerekliliğini konu edinmekle ‘Kitabın anası’ lakabı ile isimlendirilmiştir. Fatiha süresi, hem mebde (başlangıç) hem vasat (orta) hem de meâd (ahiret)’e dair usûl-i selâse’yi ihtiva eden ilahi kompozisyonunun ‘giriş’ cümlesidir diyebiliriz. Bu çalışmada Fatiha süresinin kelamî açılımını Fahreddin er-Razî’nin perspektifinden tahlil etmeye çalıştık. Fatiha’nın usûl-i selâse’ye dair kelamî açılımını yaparken Mutezile ve Maturidiye’nin görüşlerine de yer verdik. Üç kelam mektebinin konuya dair görüşleri arasında mukayese yaparak konu başlıklarını irdeledik. Şahıs merkezli ve mukayeseli çapraz atıflı bu çalışmamızda Fatiha’nın kelamî izdüşümünü betimlemeye çalıştık.
The three methods, based on the three basic beliefs on which the Sunni theological paradigm is built, is a doctrine developed as an alternative to the Mutezil’s five methods. In Sunni kalam terminology, there are three basic principles where beliefs are reduced to three; The Godhead, The Prophethood and the Hereafter. The Qur’an and Hadith are the main references of the doctrine of Usul-i Salâse, which has become the triple categorical plan of Kalam books with the formation of the systematic Sunni pen discipline. One of the Qur’anic references that outline the basic principles of Usûl-i selâse is the Surah Al-Fatihah. The Surah Al-Fatihah is the essence and summary of the Islamic word, including these three basic principles forming the axis of Islamic faith. In this regard, Fatihah, the main subject of theology of God, God; Semiyyat subject matter (it can be learned by hearing, refers to the meaning of transfer-related issues) and the subject of prophethood which is the foundation of prophethood is the Mother of the Book 'is named. The Surah al-Fatiha, both the beginning), both mediocre and mead (the Hereafter), which includes the three methods (usul-i-selâse) we can say the "introduction sentence of the divine composition". In this study, we tried to analyze the Kalamî expansion of the period of The Surah al-Fatihah from the perspective of Fahreddin er-Razî. While we were making opening of the Surah al-Fatihah the three methods, we were making theological words of Mutezile and Maturidiye also included the views. We examined the topics by comparing the views of the three Kalam schools on the subject. In this person-based and comparative cross-referenced study, we tried to describe the theological projection of the surah al-Fatiha.
The three methods (Usûl-i selâse), based on the three basic beliefs on which the Sunni theological paradigm is built, is a doctrine developed as an alternative to the Mutezil's five methods (usul-i hamse). In Sunni kalam terminology, there are three basic principles where belief principles are reduced to three; The Godhead, The Prophethood and the Hereafter. The Qur'an and Hadith are the main references of the doctrine of Usûl-i Selâse, which has become the triple categorical plan of Kalam books with the formation of the systematic Sunni kalam discipline. One of the Qur'anic references that outline the basic principles of Usûl-i selâse is the Surah Al-Fatihah. The Surah Al-Fatihah is the essence and summary of the Islamic word, including these three basic principles forming the axis of Islamic faith. In this regard, Fatihah, the main subject of theology of God, God; Semiyyat subject matter (it can be learned by hearing, refers to the meaning of transfer-related issues) and the subject of prophethood which is the foundation of prophethood is the Mother of the Book ’is named. The Surah al- Fatiha, both the beginning), both mediocre and mead (the Hereafter), which includes the three methods (usul-i-selâse ) we can say the “ introduction sentence of the divine composition”. In this study, we tried to analyze the Kalamî expansion of the period of The Surah al- Fatihah from the perspective of Fahreddin er-Razî. While we were making opening of the Surah al- Fatihah the three methods (usûl-i selâse), we were making theological words of Mutezile and Maturidiye also included the views. We examined the topics by comparing the views of the three Kalam schools on the subject. In this person-based and comparative cross-referenced study, we tried to describe the theological projection of the surah al-Fatiha.
Field : İlahiyat
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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