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Osmanlı Devleti için Birinci Dünya Savaşı 30 Ekim 1918 tarihinde imzalanan Mondros Mütarekesi ile bitmiş, ancak ülkenin birçok yerinde başlayan işgaller Türkler açısından yeni bir mücadele safhasını teşkil etmiştir. Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın 19 Mayıs 1919’da Samsun’a çıkışıyla fiilî olarak başlayan Millî Mücadele ile vatanın düşman işgalinden kurtarılması ve milletin istiklalinin sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda kongreler düzenlenmiş, Millî kuvvetler birleştirilmiş ve Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi’nin açılmasıyla mücadelenin tek elden yönetilmesi sağlanmıştır. Bu aşamada Heyet-i Temsiliye’nin teşkili ile milletin temsili meselesi kısmen ortadan kaldırılmış ve vatanın bütünlüğü için tüm imkânlar seferber edilmiştir. Mücadele sırasında kazanılan askerî başarıların siyasi başarılarla taçlandırılması ve vatanın sınırlarını belirleyen Misak-ı Millî’nin tanıtılması için yoğun çaba sarf edilmiştir. Doğu’da Ermenilere, Batı’da Yunan kuvvetlerine karşı kazanılan savaşlar ve TBMM hükümetinin başarılı diplomatik çabaları İtilaf Devletleri’ni 21 Şubat 1921’de Londra’da Sevr’in yumuşatılması için bir konferans toplamaya zorlamış, ancak konferans istenilen sonuca ulaşamadan dağılmıştır. Bu süreçte TBMM ve Misak-ı Millî’yi tanıyan ilk İtilaf Devleti, 20 Ekim 1921’de imzalanan ve ön barış niteliğindeki Ankara İtilafnamesi ile Fransa olmuş, böylece düşman hattındaki çözülme derinleşerek devam etmiştir. Bu durum siyasi manada TBMM hükümetinin elini güçlendirirken, güney cephesindeki güçlerin batı cephesine nakledilmesi ve Fransa’dan alınan askerî ardımlar, düşman karşısında topyekûn savaş durumuna geçilmesini kolaylaştırmıştır. Bu çalışmayla, Mondros Mütarekesi’nden sonra Türk yurdunun işgali ile başlayan Millî Mücadele hareketinin diplomatik boyutu ve bu hareketin vatanı düşman işgalinden kurtarıp, artık Anadolu’da yeni bir devletin kurulduğunu tüm dünyaya ilan etmesine, yani ihtilalin tesciline kadar olan süreç ele alınacaktır.
The First World War ended for the Ottoman Empire with the Armistice of Mudros signed on October 30, 1918, but the occupations that began in many parts of Turkey constituted a new stage of struggle for the Turks. The aim of the National struggle, which had actually started with the arrival of Mustafa Kemal Pasha in Samsun May 19, 1919, was to save the country from the occupation of the enemy and to ensure the independence of the nation. For this purpose, congresses were organized and national forces were united, and the national struggle was managed from a central power with the establishment of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. At this stage, with the formation of the Representative Committee, the issue of representation of the nation was partially eliminated and all opportunities for the integrity of the country were mobilized. Vigorous efforts were made to crown the military achievements gained during the struggle with political achievements and to promote the National Pact which defined the borders of the homeland. The battles won against the Armenians in the East and the Greek forces in the West and the successful diplomatic efforts of the government of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey forced the Allied Powers to convene a conference for the alleviation of Sevres in London on February 21, 1921, but the conference was disintegrated before achieving the desired result. In this process, the first Allied State to recognize the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and the National Pact was France with the Ankara Treaty signed on October 20, 1921, which was a preliminary peace, and thus the dissolution of the enemy forces continued. While this situation strengthened the hand of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey government in political terms, the transfer of the forces from the southern front to the western front and the military aid received from France facilitated the transition to a total war situation against the enemy. In this study, the diplomatic dimension of the National Struggle movement which began with the occupation of the Turkish homeland after the Armistice of Mudros and the process of this movement starting from the liberation of the homeland from the enemy occupation to the declaration of the establishment of a new state in Anatolia to the whole world, namely the approval of the revolution, will be discussed.
The First World War ended for the Ottoman Empire with the Armistice of Mudros signed on October 30, 1918, but the occupations that started in many parts of Turkey constituted a new stage of struggle for the Turks. The aim of the National struggle, which had actually started with the arrival of Mustafa Kemal Pasha in Samsun May 19, 1919, was to save the country from the occupation of the enemy and to ensure the independence of the nation. For this purpose, congresses were organized and national forces were united, and the national struggle was managed from a central power with the establishment of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. At this stage, with the formation of the Representative Committee, the issue of representation of the nation was partially eliminated and all opportunities for the integrity of the country were mobilized. Vigorous efforts were made to crown the military achievements gained during the struggle with political achievements and to promote the National Pact which defined the borders of the homeland. The battles won against the Armenians in the East and the Greek forces in the West and the successful diplomatic efforts of the government of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey forced the Allied Powers to convene a conference for the alleviation of Sevres in London on February 21, 1921, but the conference was disintegrated before reaching the desired result. In this process, the first Allied State to recognize the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and the National Pact was France with the Ankara Treaty signed on October 20, 1921, which was a preliminary peace, and thus the dissolution of the enemy forces continued. While this situation strengthened the hand of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey government in political terms, the transfer of the forces from the southern front to the western front and the military aid received from France facilitated the transition to a total war situation against the enemy. In this study, the diplomatic dimension of the National Struggle movement which started with the occupation of the Turkish homeland after the Armistice of Mudros and the process of this movement starting from the liberation of the homeland from the enemy occupation to the declaration of the establishment of a new state in Anatolia to the whole world, namely the approval of the revolution, will be discussed.
Field : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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