Görüntüleme
79
İndirme
23
Sanayi Devrimi öncesi, tarım dışı en önemli üretim şekli olan zanaatkârlık, göz nuru dökülerek büyük ölçüde el emeği ile sıkı bir öğrenme sürecinin ardından kazanılan beceri ve vasıflardı. Ancak, sanayi devrimi sürecinin ortaya çıkardığı en önemli değişim emek ve çalışma ilişkileri üzerinde oldu. Makineli üretim sonrası zanaat üretimi giderek erimiş, günümüzde ise yok denecek kadar azalmıştır. Sanayi Devrimi ile gelişen makineli üretim, insanlığın doğadan fabrika ortamına hapsolduğu, yeni bir çalışma düzenini getirdi. Fabrika, atölyelerin yerini alırken, işi parçalara bölerek çalışanları üretim sürecine hâkimiyetinin sınırlandırıldığı, büyük üretim mekânları olarak karşımıza çıktı. Anti kolonyalizm, insan haklarının gelişimi, ulus devletlerin yükselme çağı, komünizm-kapitalizm rekabeti, sanayi devrimi ile fabrika ortamında, olumsuz koşullarda uzun saatler çalışan işçi sınıfının örgütlü mücadelesi işçi ve işveren arasındaki sorunlarının çözümünde sosyal politikalarının ve sosyal devletin oluşumuna giden yolda önemli tarihsel olaylardı. 19.yüzyılda, İngiltere ve Almanya’nın öncülüğünde sosyal güvenlik sistemlerini gelişirken, özünde, çalışma gücünü kaybettiğinde işçinin korunması esas alındı. Ancak, 1980 sonrası sermaye lehine yeniden düzenlenen politikalar, sosyal devletin müdahaleci, düzenleyici ve geliri yeniden dağıtıcı rolünde büyük değişimi getirdi. Mamafih, ithal ikameci politikadan dışa açık ekonomi politikasına yeni liberal dönem, bilgisayarlaşma ve artan rekabet beraberinde çalışma gücünün muhafazasına ilişkin devletin rolünü zayıflattı ve beşeri sermaye adını alan emek, piyasaya açıldı.
Before the Industrial Revolution, the artwork, which was a non-agricultural form of production, was the skills and qualities gained after a rigorous learning process, largely by handwork. However, the important change that the process of industrial revolution revealed was on labour and labour relationships. After machinery production, the manufacturing of crafts has increasingly flooded, and today it has decreased enough to be destroyed. The development of machinery production with the industrial revolution brought a new working system in which mankind was imprisoned from nature to the factory environment. When the factory replaces the workshops, the work is divided into pieces and the workers are limited to the dominance of the production process as large production spaces. Anti-colonialism, the development of human rights, the age of the rise of national states, the communism-capitalism competition, the industrial revolution and the organized struggle of the working class that worked long hours in negative conditions, the solving problems between the workers and the employer were important historical events on the way to the formation of their social policies and the social state. In the 19th century, the development of social security systems under the leadership of Britain and Germany, in essence, the protection of the worker was based when he lost his workforce. However, the policies reorganized in favour of capital after 1980 brought a great change in the social state’s intervening, regulatory and re-distribution role. Mamafih has weakened the role of the state in the preservation of the labour force in the new liberal era, computerization and increasing competition, from the import residential policy to the outdoors economic policy, and labour, which is called human capital, has been opened to the market.
Before the Industrial Revolution, the craftsmanship which was the most important non-agricultural production form, was the skills and qualifications gained after a strict learning process by doing handicraft.However, the most important change brought about by the industrial revolution process was on the concepts for labor and labor relations.After the machine production, the production of "thecraftsmanship" gradually diminished and nowadays it is almost at a non-existing level.With the Industrial Revolution, machine production brought a new working order in which humanity was imprisoned from nature to the factory environment.While the factory superseded the workshops, it appeared as large production spaces whereemployees were not dominated by the whole production process by dividing the work into pieces.Anti-colonialism, the development of human rights, the rise of nation-states, the competition of communism-capitalism, the industrial revolution, and the organized struggle of the employees in the factory environment were important historical events in the development of social policies.In the 19th century, social security systems developed under the leadership of England and German focused, in essence, on the protection of the workers when they lost his working power.However, the rapid transition from import - substitution industrialization policies to export promotion policies in the 1980s led to the transformation of computerization, competition and labor into human capital.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
Makale Detay 
Benzer Makaleler
PDF Görüntüle
Dergi Bilgisi
Eseri Dinleyin
Alıntı Yap
Bu Sayfayı Yazdırın
Paylaş
Mendeley
