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İslâm’ın ilk dönemlerinde Müslümanlar farklı coğrafyalara hâkim olmuşlar ve buralarda farklı etnik ve dini kimlik sahibi topluluklarla ilişkiye girmişlerdir. Bu bağlamda fetih öncesinde Bizans için, fetihten sonra ise Müslümanlar için büyük önem ifade eden Mısır, Hz. Ömer döneminde hâkimiyet altına alınmıştır. Fetih sırasında Mısır topraklarında genel olarak Kıptî yerli halk ve Bizans destekli Rumlar yaşamaktaydı. Kıptîler kendilerine özgü yaşam şekilleriyle yöneticilerinden farklı özelliklere sahiplerdi ve Mısır’da ikinci sınıf insan muamelesi görmekteydi. Bu çalışmada Mısır diyarının yerli halkı olan Kıptîler’in İslâm öncesindeki yaşantıları ve fetihle birlikte yeni idarecilerle olan ilişkileri Emevîler dönemini de içine alacak şekilde konu edilmiştir. İlk fethedilen bölgelerden olan Mısır’da görevli valiler ilk dönemlerden itibaren halka daha önce yaşadıkları olumsuzlukların aksine hoşgörüyle yaklaşmışlar, inanç özgürlüğü başta olmak üzere huzur içerisinde bir hayat yaşama imkânı sunmuşlardır. Kıptî Hıristiyan halkın önemli bir kısmı fetihten sonraki birkaç yüzyıl içinde İslâm’ı tercih etmiş, bir kısmı ise cizye vergisini düzenli olarak ödemişlerdir. Ancak özellikle bazı Emevî idarecilerinin vergilerle ilgili bir kısım uygulamaları yerli halkın öfkesine ve ayaklanmaların yaşanmasına sebep olmuştur. Buna rağmen genel olarak baktığımızda fethinden Abbâsîler dönemine kadar olan yaklaşık yüz on yıllık bir sürede Kıptîler Müslüman idareci ve yöneticilerle huzur içerisinde yaşamışlardır. Müslümanların Mısır’daki Hıristiyan halkla olan ilişkileri ilk dönemde Müslüman idarecilerin Gayr-ı Müslim tebaaya olan yaklaşımı hakkında da bilgiler vermesi yönüyle önemlidir. Bu çalışmada Kıptîlerin Mısır’ın fethinden sonra özellikle Emeviler döneminde Müslüman idarecilerle olan ilişkilerinin hangi düzeyde olduğunun ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır.
In the early periods of Islam, Muslims ruled different geographies and entered relations with different ethnic and religious identities. In this context, Egypt, which expressed great importance for the Byzantine before the conquest, and after the conquest for the Muslims, Hz. He was under the rule of law during the time. During the conquest, the Egyptian territory was generally the Cypriot indigenous people and the Romans supported by the Byzantine. The Cypriots had different characteristics of their own way of life than their rulers, and in Egypt they were treated as a second-class human. In this study, the Egyptian people, the indigenous peoples of the Egyptian land, discussed the lives of the Cypriots before Islam and the relations with the new governors with the conquest in such a way as to include the Emevian period. The governors of Egypt, which were the first to be conquered regions, from the early periods approached the people with tolerance, contrary to the negatives they experienced before, and offered the opportunity to live a peaceful life, including freedom of faith. A significant part of the Cypriot Christian people preferred Islam in several centuries after the conquest, while some regularly paid the tax. But especially some of the Emevi administrators' practices regarding taxes have caused the indigenous people's anger and rebellion. Nevertheless, when we look at it in general, over a hundred years from the conquest to the period of the Abbasians, the Cypriots lived in peace with the Muslim managers and rulers. Relationships between Muslims and the Christian people in Egypt are important in the way that Muslim governors in the first period also provide information about the approach to the Gayr-i Muslim teba. This study aimed at revealing the level of relations with the Muslim rulers after the conquest of Egypt, especially during the Emevian period.
In the early periods of Islam, Muslims had dominated different geographies and had intercourse with different ethnic and religious communities. In this context Egypt which is of high importance for Byzantine before the conquest as well as for the Muslims after the conquest has been conquered during the time of Omar. During the conquest, Coptic locals and Byzantine-backed Greeks generally lived on the Egyptian territory. The Copts had different charaçteristics than their rulers with their unique way of life, and they were treated as second class people in Egypt. In this study, Copticans, who are the indigenous people of the Egyptian land, have been subjected to the pre-Islamic life and the relations with the new rulers together with the conquest, including the Umayyad period. In Egypt, which was one of the first conquered regions, the governors unlike the previous negativity, approached with tolerance, freedom of belief and peace. An important part of the Coptic Christian population preferred Islam over a few centuries following the conquest, while others paid their taxes regularly. However, some of the practices of some Umayyad rulers related to taxes caused the indignation and resentment of the indigenous people. Nevertheless, the Copts lived in peace with Muslim rulers over a period of about a decade, from the conquest until the Abbasid era. In terms of providing information about the approach of Muslim administrators to non-Muslim citizens, Muslims' relations with the Christian public in Egypt are important. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the level of the relationship between Coptic Christians and Muslim administrators after the conquest of Egypt, especially during the Umayyad period.
Field : İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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