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Patent isteme hakkı, kural olarak buluşu gerçekleştiren kişiye aittir. Ancak bu hakkın, kanunla bir başka kimseye tanınması veya buluş sahibi tarafından üçüncü kişilere devredilmesi mümkündür. Uluslararası hukukta, çalışanların gerçekleştirdiği buluşlara ilişkin patent isteme hakkının çalışana mı işverene mi ait olacağı konusunda yeknesak bir kural veya ilke bulunmamaktadır. Türk hukukunda belirli şartların bulunması halinde, buluşa yönelik patent isteme hakkına sahip olmak için işverene bir tercih hakkı tanınmıştır. Buna göre, çalışan bir buluş gerçekleştirdiğinde, bu durumu gecikmeksizin işverene bildirmekle yükümlüdür. Çalışanın buluşa ilişkin bildirim yükümlülüğünü yerine getirmesi üzerine işveren kanunda belirlenen süre içinde tercih hakkını kullanabilmektedir. İşverenin patent isteme hakkını elde etmesi halinde bedel ödeme yükümlülüğü doğmaktadır. 6769 sayılı Kanunda işverenin buluş üzerinde tam hak sahipliği talebinde bulunması halinde ödeyeceği bedele ilişkin birtakım ilkeler kabul edilmiştir. Bu ilkeler dikkate alınarak 29.09.2017 tarih ve 30195 sayılı Yönetmelik’te ödenecek bedele ilişkin ayrıntılı düzenlemeler öngörülmüştür. Kanunda belirtilmemesine rağmen Yönetmelikte ayrıca çalışana teşvik ödülü hakkı tanınmıştır. Bu makalede, Türk patent hukukunda çalışan buluşlarına ilişkin düzenlemeler ve 6769 sayılı Kanun ile 29.09.2017 tarih ve 30195 sayılı Yönetmelik’in çalışan buluşları hakkında getirdiği yenilikler incelenmektedir. Ayrıca, Yönetmelik’teki çalışanın bedel isteme hakkına, bildirim yükümlülüğüne ve teşvik ödülüne ilişkin düzenlemelerin 6769 sayılı Kanun’la uyumu değerlendirilmektedir.
The right to patent applies to the person who is in the rule of the invention. However, this right may be recognized by law to another person or transferred by the inventor to third parties. In international law, there is no rule or principle concerning whether the right to patent in respect of the inventions performed by employees belongs to the employee or to the employer. In the case of certain conditions in Turkish law, the employer has a right of preference to have the right to request a patent for the finding. Accordingly, when the employee performs an invention, he is obliged to inform the employer of this situation without delay. The employee may exercise the right of preference within the time determined by the law upon fulfilment of the obligation to notify about the finding. If the employer obtains the right to request a patent, it is obliged to pay the price. The Law No. 6769 adopts a number of principles regarding the price it will pay if the employer requires full right of ownership on the invention. With these principles in mind, detailed arrangements on the price to be paid are provided for on 29.09.2017 and in Regulation No. 30195. Although not specified in the law, the regulation also recognizes the right to encourage the employee. This article examines the regulations on the inventions of employees in Turkish patent law and the innovations brought by Law No. 6769 and 29.09.2017 and Regulation No. 30195 on the inventions of employees. In addition, the regulations concerning the employee’s right to claim a reward, the obligation to notify and the incentive reward are assessed in accordance with Law No. 6769.
Right to request a patent on an invention belongs to the inventor in principle. However, it is possible that the right to request a patent on an invention may be granted to another person by an act or absolute assignment of the right by the inventor. A uniform rule or principle has not been accepted in international law as to whether patent right of employees’ invention belong to the employees or the employers. In Turkish patent law, employers have a formative right to choose the right to request a patent on an invention provided that some certain conditions are there. Accordingly, employees have an obligation to make a legal notice to employers without any delay in case of making an invention. Employers can use their formative rights within a specific time determined by the Law upon the fulfillment of the notice of the employees. Should the employers obtain the right to request a patent, they are obliged to pay a certain amount remuneration to the employees. A number of principles are accepted regarding remuneration rights of employees’ invention in Turkish Industrial Property Act No: 6769 of 2016. Thereafter, a number of detailed provisions are accepted with the Regulation No: 30195 of 29.09.2017, taking into account of the principles accepted by the Act. However, the Regulation entitle employees to demand encouragement award which is never mentioned in the Act No: 6769 of 2016. In this article, the regulations of employees’ inventions in Turkish patent law and the amendments accepted by the Act and the Regulation related to employees’ inventions are examined. Besides, the compliance of the provisions with regard to ascertaining of remuneration rights, the obligation of notification and the encouragement award in the Regulation with the Act is analyzed.
Field : Hukuk
Journal Type : Ulusal
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