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Büyük Selçuklu Devleti’nin kurulduğu on birinci asrın ilk yarısında Deylemi, Büveyhi ve Fatimi baskısı altında bulunan Bağdat’taki Sünni Abbasi halifeliği, Selçuklu sultanları tarafından içerisinde bulunduğu zor durumdan kurtarılmıştır. Bağdat’a gelerek halifenin elinden saltanatının dinî meşruiyetini tasdik ettiren Tuğrul Bey, halifeliğin üzerindeki nüfuzu kırmakla kalmamış, kendisi de Sünni İslâm dünyası nezdinde büyük bir itibar kazanmıştır. Abbasi halifeleri, Selçukluların yükseliş döneminde sultanlar ile ilişkilerini akrabalık tesis etme seviyesine çıkararak siyasi ve askeri desteğin artmasını sağlamışlardır. Sultanlar ise bu akrabalık yoluyla Bağdat’ta kendi kanlarından olan halife adaylarının olmasını istemişlerdir. Sultanların sınırları genişletme ihtiyaçları, halifelerin de nüfuz alanını genişletme istekleri ilişkilerin esasını oluşturmuştur. Ancak Melikşah’ın devlet merkezini İsfahan’dan Bağdat’a taşıma düşüncesi, ilişkilerin seyrini değiştirmiş, gizli rekabete dönüştürmüştür. Sultan’ın Bağdat’a yaptığı son ziyarette halifeden, on gün içerisinde şehri terk etmesini istemesi, ilişkilerin seyrini düşmanlığa çevirmiş ve hatta sultanın burada zehirletildiği iddia edilmiştir. Çalışmamızda, Selçukluların gerileme döneminde su yüzüne çıkan bu ilişkilerin seyrini vermeye çalıştık.
In the first half of the eleventh century, when the Great Seljuk State was founded, the Sunni Abbasid rule in Baghdad under the pressure of Deylemi, Buveyhi and Fatimid was rescued by the Seljuk sultans. Thurul Beg, who came to Baghdad and approved the religious legitimacy of his reign, has not lost his influence on the caliphate, but has gained a great reputation in the Sunni Islamic world. The Sultan then expanded both the boundaries of his state and the religious domain of the caliph in the same way that he conquered Turkestan and Byzantine borders. Tuğrul Beg accompanied his wife Arslan Hatun, a Caliph Kaim-Biemrillah, to Baghdad. Thus, the kinship between the Seljuks and the caliphate was established. The Seljuk Sultan wanted this political marriage and a mother who had a Turkish mother in the caliph's palace. Although Turğrul Beg had difficulties in marrying the caliph's daughter, the marriage had taken place with the conviction of Khalifa. In the ascension period of the Seljuks, the Abbasid caliphs brought political and military support to the level of establishing kinship relations with the sultans. The sultans wanted to have caliphate candidates from their blood in Baghdad through this kinship. The need for sultans to expand borders and the desire to expand the sphere of influence of the caliphs constituted the basis of the relations. However, in the thought of moving the state center of Melikshah from Isfahan to Baghdad, it changed the course of the relations and transformed it into a secret recipe. Melikshah realized that Baghdad was more strategic in Isfahan's conquests in the west and in the center of the vast state territory there. For this reason, he considered Baghdad as a state center and told the visier Nizamulmulk the idea that the Abbasid caliph Mawtari should leave. In our study, we tried to make the course of Seljuk sultans' relations with the caliphs in terms of political power and religious legitimacy.
In the first half of the eleventh century, when the Great Seljuk State was founded, the Sunni Abbasid rule in Baghdad under the pressure of Deylemi, Buveyhi and Fatimid was rescued by the Seljuk sultans. Tuğrul Beg, who came to Baghdad and approved the religious legitimacy of the reign of his, has not lost his influence on the caliphate, but has gained a great reputation in the Sunni Islamic world. The Sultan then expanded both the boundaries of his state and the religious domain of the caliph in the same way that he conquered Turkestan and Byzantine borders. Tuğrul Beg accompanied his wife Arslan Hatun, a Caliph Kaim-Biemrillah, to Baghdad. Thus, kinship between the Seljuks and the caliphate was established. The Seljuk Sultan wanted this political marriage and a mother who had a Turkish mother in the caliph's palace. Although Tuğrul Beg had difficulties in marrying the caliph's daughter, the marriage had taken place with the conviction of Khalifa. In the ascension period of the Seljuks, the Abbasid caliphs brought political and military support to the level of establishing kinship relations with the sultans. The sultans wanted to have caliphate candidates from their blood in Baghdad through this kinship. The need for sultans to expand borders and the desire to expand the sphere of influence of the caliphs constituted the basis of the relations. However, in the thought of moving the state centre of Melikshah from Isfahan to Baghdad, it changed the course of the relations and transformed it into a secret recipe. Melikshah realized that Baghdad was more strategic in Isfahan's conquests in the west and in the centre of the vast state territory there. For this reason, he considered Baghdad as a state center and told the vizier Nizamulmulk the idea that the Abbasid caliph Mawtari should leave. In our study, we tried to make the course of Seljuk sultans' relations with the caliphs in terms of political power and religious legitimacy.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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