İran’da basın ülkenin farklı bölgelerinde yaşayan halkı toplumsal, siyasal, ekonomik ve kültürel konularda önemli derecede bilgilendirmiş ve etkilemiştir. Basının gelişimi özellikle Meşrutiyet’in ilanının ardından farklı karakteristik özelliklere bürünmüştür. Bu çalışmada matbaanın İran’a getirilmesinin ardından ülkede basın yayın hayatının gelişimi konu edinilerek, farklı dönemlerde yayımlanmaya başlayan ilk gazeteler sıralanmıştır. Kaçar dönemi, Meşrutiyet dönemi ve Birinci Pehlevi (Rıza Şah Pehlevi) dönemi olmak üzere üç başlık altında gazetecilik faaliyetleri incelenmiştir. Kaçar döneminde ilk gazetenin yayınlandığı süreçte ülkedeki siyasi atmosferin nasıl olduğu, gazetelerin işlevlerinin neler olduğu ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Söz konusu gazetelerin rejim ile ilişkisi, sonraki dönemde meşrutiyete yaklaşımları, yayınlanma süreleri, hangi meseleleri kendilerine konu edindikleri araştırılmıştır. Gazetelerin özellikle meşrutiyete zemin hazırlayacak yayınları dikkate alınarak, bu tutumun hangi yöneticilerce olumlu/ olumsuz karşılandığı, basına yönelik engellemeler ve kısıtlamalar ortaya konulmuştur. Meşrutiyet’ten sonraki dönemde özellikle Rıza Şah’ın yönetimi ele geçirmesinin ardından bazı gazeteler, ürettikleri söylemler aracılığı ile yönetime meşruluk kazandıran bir rol üstlenmiştir. İkinci Dünya Savaşı yıllarında ise İran basını üzerinde İngiliz ve Rus siyasetinin etkisi hissedilmiştir. Sağ ve sol kesim olarak iki grup altında değerlendirilebilen basın organlarının dönemin hükümetlerine yönelik tutumları karşısında her iki kesimin yayınlarına da son verildiği görülmektedir.
In Iran, the press has informed and influenced the people living in different regions of the country on social, political, economic and cultural issues. The development of the press, especially after the declaration of the Constitutional Monarchy, has taken on different characteristics. In this study, the first newspapers that were published in different periods were listed in the country after the printing press was brought to Iran. Journalism activities were examined under three headings: Qajar period, Constitutional Monarchy period and Pahlavi period. In the period when the first newspaper was published during the Qajar period, the political atmosphere in the country and the functions of the newspapers were tried to be revealed. The relationship of the newspapers in question with the regime, the approaches to the constitutionalism in the next period, the duration of publication, the issues that have been investigated. Considering the publications of the newspapers that will prepare the ground for the constitutional monarchy, the managers of these attitudes are treated positively/negatively, the pressures and restrictions have been put forward. After the Constitutional Monarchy period, especially after receiving the administration of Reza Shah, some newspapers, through the discourses they have produced a role that gives the administration legitimacy. During the Second World War, the influence of British and Russian politics was felt on the Iranian press. Right and left sections of the media groups that can be evaluated under two groups against the attitudes of the governments of the period against the end of the publication of the two sectors are seen.
In Iran, the press has informed and influenced the people living in different regions of the country on social, political, economic and cultural issues. The development of the press, especially after the declaration of the Constitutional Monarchy, has taken on different characteristics. In this study, the first newspapers that were published in different periods were listed in the country after the printing press was brought to Iran. Journalism activities were examined under three headings: Qajar period, Constitutional Monarchy period and Pahlavi period (Reza Shah Pahlavi). In the period when the first newspaper was published during the Qajar period, the political atmosphere in the country and the functions of the newspapers were tried to be revealed. The relationship of the newspapers in question with the regime, the approaches to the constitutionalism in the next period, the duration of publication, the issues that have been investigated. Considering the publications of the newspapers which will prepare the ground for the constitutional monarchy, the managers of these attitudes are treated positively/negatively, the pressures and restrictions have been put forward. After the Constitutional Monarchy period, especially after receiving the administration of Reza Shah, some newspapers, through the discourses they have produced a role that gives the administration legitimacy. During the Second World War, the influence of British and Russian politics was felt on the Iranian press. Right and left sections of the media groups that can be evaluated under two groups against the attitudes of the governments of the period against the end of the publication of the two sectors are seen.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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