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Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarından itibaren 1960 yılına kadar Türkiye’de liman ve iskele politikaları ile bu politikaların ekonomiye olan yansımaları çalışmanın konusunu teşkil etmektedir. Konu, Cumhuriyetin ilk döneminde liman ve iskele politikaları (1923-1950) Demokrat Parti (DP) döneminde liman ve iskele politikaları (1950-1960) ile sınırlandırılarak iki dönem halinde ele alınmıştır. Türkiye’de liman ve iskele politikaları ile bu politikaların ekonomiye olan katkıları sayısal veriler ışığında değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın kaynak materyalini, Cumhuriyet arşivi belgeleri, resmi yayınlardan zabıt ceridesi, kanunlar ve tutanak dergileri, resmi gazete, istatistik yıllıkları ve ayın tarihinin yanı sıra dönemin süreli yayınları arasında bulunan ekonomi dergilerinin makaleleri oluşturmaktadır. Konu incelenirken, deniz ticaretinin geliştirilmesinde liman ve iskelelerin yaptığı katkılar göz önüne getirilerek gerekli değerlendirilmelerde bulunulmuştur. Çalışmada elde edilen sonuç şudur: Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarından itibaren yabancılar tarafından yürütülen liman hizmetleri 1925 yılında Türk sermayesi ile kurulan şirketlere devredilmiştir. 1939 yılında liman hizmetlerini devletin üstlenmesiyle Devlet Limanları İşletme Umum Müdürlüğü teşkil edilmiş, bu kurum 1944 yılında Devlet Denizyolları ve Limanları İşletme Umum Müdürlüğüne dönüştürülmüştür. Ayrıca çıkarılan kanunlarla liman ve iskeleler konusunda yasal boşluklar giderilmiştir. DP döneminde ise liman ve iskelelerin iç ve dış finans kaynakları artırılıp yeniden inşa, ıslah ve genişletilme çalışmalarına girilmesi ve limanların donanımlı hale getirilmesiyle yükleme-boşaltma kapasiteleri artırılmıştır. Bu suretle Türkiye’nin dış ülkelerle yapılan deniz ticaret hacmi genişletilerek millî ekonomiye önemli katkılar sağlanmıştır.
This study deals with the pier and port policies in Turkey from the early years of the Republic to 1960 and the reflections of these policies on economy. The subject is limited to and addressed in two periods: the pier and port policies in the early Republic period (1923-1950) and the pier and port policies in the Democratic Party (DP) period (1950-1960). Evaluations on the pier and port policies in Turkey and the contributions of these policies to the economy have been made based on numeric data. The source materials of the study are Republic archive documents, official publications such as proceedings of memorandum, laws, journals of official reports, official newspapers, statistical annuals, Month History journal [government's dating publication], and articles from the economics magazines of the period. The relevant evaluations have been made taking into account the contributions of piers and ports to the development of maritime trade. The study has found that port services, which were performed by foreigners as of the early years of the Republic, were transferred to companies established with Turkish capital in 1925. With the state’s undertaking port services in 1939, Directorate General of State Ports Authority was set up. This institution was converted into Directorate General of State Seaways and Ports Authority in 1944. Also, legal gap concerning ports and piers were eliminated through the laws introduced. In the DP period, internal and external financing sources of the ports and piers were increased; reconstruction, improvement, and expansion works were launched; and the ports were made well-equipped. In this way, their loading and unloading capabilities were enhanced. Thus, Turkey’s external maritime trade volume was raised, thereby making considerable contributions to the national economy.
This study deals with the pier and port policies in Turkey from the early years of the Republic to 1960 and the reflections of these policies on economy. The subject is limited to and addressed in two periods: the pier and port policies in the early Republic period (1923-1950) and the pier and port policies in the Democratic Party (DP) period (1950-1960). Evaluations on the pier and port policies in Turkey and the contributions of these policies to economy have been made based on numeric data. The source materials of the study are Republic archive documents, official publications such as proceedings of memorandum, laws, journals of official reports, official gazettes, statistical annuals, Ayın Tarihi journal [government’s dating publication], and articles from the economics magazines of the period. The relevant evaluations have been made considering the contributions of piers and ports to the development of maritime trade. The study has found out that port services, which were performed by foreigners as of the early years of the Republic, were transferred to companies established with Turkish capital in 1925. With the state’s undertaking port services in 1939, Directorate General of State Ports Authority was set up. This institution was turned into Directorate General of State Seaways and Ports Authority in 1944. Also, legal gaps concerning ports and piers were eliminated through the laws introduced. In the DP period, internal and external financing sources of the ports and piers were increased; reconstruction, improvement, and expansion works were launched; and the ports were made well-equipped. In this way, their loading and unloading capacities were enhanced. By this means, Turkey’s external maritime trade volume was raised, thereby making considerable contributions to national economy.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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