Özet:

The question of what the nature of knowledge is and how to reach certainty kept the philosophers busy. Hence, many theories have been brought up about the definition and types of knowledge. In particular, thinkers seeking an answer to the question of how to reach certain information have categorized the images formed in the mind, taking into account whether they agree with the actual events or not. The elements of these divisions, in terms of their accuracy and certainty, range from ignorance to knowledge. Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (d. 722/1322), who connects philosophical assumptions to the discipline of kalām (theology) and reflects the philosophical content in his kalām books, discusses the types of knowledge in his different works. This study argues that al-Samarqandī was influenced by Avicenna (d. 428/1037) regarding the sources of knowledge. However, while discussing semiyyat topics, al-Samarqandī differed from the Avicennian tradition, claiming that mutawātirāt is not sufficient to reach certain information, but that certainty can be reached with presumptions. In addition, this article draws attention to the unique aspects of al-Samarqandī’s understanding of knowledge, according to him, the propositions in terms of truth-value will be examined and the sources of exact knowledge will be discussed.

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