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Kant’ın hukuk teorisinin, onun eserleri arasında, özellikle de üç Kritik’e kıyasla, daha az ilgi gören bir alan olduğunu söylemek yanlış olmaz. Oysa Ahlak Metafiziği’nin ilk bölümü tümüyle bu alana ayrılmıştır. “Hukuk Öğretisi” başlığını taşıyan ve hukuku ahlak yasası zemininde pratik aklın a priori ilkelerinin iki alanından biri (diğeri “Erdem Öğretisi”dir) olarak tesis eden bu bölüm, kendi başına ele alındığında, hukukun Kant felsefesindeki ayrıcalıklı yerini fark etmemiz için yeterli olmayabilir. Ancak bu öğretiyi ve aslında ona bir giriş niteliğinde olan “Teori ve Pratik” diye anılan yazıyı siyaset, tarih ve hukuku konu alan diğer kısa yazılarla, özellikle de bu yazılara damgasını vuran refleksif yargılarla ilişkilendirerek okuduğumuzda, hukukun, insanın akıl sahibi ve ahlak yasasına tabi bir varlık olarak kendini, yani özgür varoluşunu gerçekleştirmesi için ne denli vazgeçilmez bir alan açtığını fark ederiz. Bu çalışma böyle bir okumaya dayanarak Kant’ta hukuk öğretisinin, bu öğretide ortaya konan kamusallık ilkesi ve yurttaşlık anlayışının, ahlak felsefesi ve özgürlük problemi açısından merkezi bir öneme sahip olduğunu göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır.
It’s not wrong to say that Kant’s theory of law is a field of less interest among his works, especially compared to the three Critics. However, the first part of the Ethical Metaphysics is completely divided into this area. This section, which has the title "Law Teaching" and establishes the law as one of the two fields of the a priori principles of practical mind on the ground of the moral law (the other is "Law Teaching"), when addressed by itself, may not be sufficient to realize the privileged place of law in the Kant philosophy. But when we read this doctrine, and in fact the "Theory and Practice", which is in its entrance nature, by associating it with other short writings on politics, history and law, and in particular with the reflective judgments that shape these writings, we realize how unnecessary the law opens itself, that is, for its free existence, as an entity of intellectual and moral law. Based on such a reading, this study aims to demonstrate that the teaching of law in Kant, the principle of publicity and the understanding of citizenship, has a central importance in terms of the moral philosophy and the issue of freedom.
It is not wrong to say that Kant's theory of right is an area of less interest among his works, especially compared to the three Critiques. However, the first section of Metaphysics of Morals, which bears the title of “The Doctrine of Right” and attempts to establish right as one of the two a priori principles of practical reason (where the other is “The Doctrine of Virtue”) is completely devoted to this subject. This section, when it is considered in itself, may not be sufficient to recognize the privileged place of right in Kant’s philosophy. Yet, when we recite this doctrine and the article "On The Old Common Saying: That May Be Correct in The Theory, But It Is of No Use In Practice", which is actually an introduction to it, by associating them with other short articles on politics, history and right, and especially when, in reading these articles, we take into account reflective judgments that marked them, we realize how the doctrine of right opens an indispensable field to human being for realizing her or his self, namely, her or his freedom, as a rational creature who is subject to the moral law. Based on such a reading, this study aims to show that Kant’s doctrine of right, in which the principle of publicity and conception of citizenship are put forward, has a central importance in terms of moral philosophy and the problem of freedom.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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