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Yoksulluk ve eşitsizlik; sosyal, ekonomik, etnik veya herhangi bir sebeple günümüzdeki kadar şiddetli olmasa da hep var olmuş, bilimsel literatürde de önemli bir araştırma konusu olarak yer bulmuştur. Buna karşın hem sosyal hem de ekonomik politikada, genellikle yoksul alanlardan ziyade yoksul insanlara odaklanılmıştır. Başka bir ifade ile kalkınmanın ayrılmaz parçası olan mekân göz ardı edilmiştir. Günümüzde ise kalkınma araştırmalarında mekânı ön plana çıkaran bakış açıları önem kazanmıştır. Bu süreçte coğrafyacılar tarafından yapılan kalkınma konulu araştırmaların sayısı artmaktadır “Coğrafyada Kalkınma Araştırmalarının Kısa Tarihi” isimli bu çalışma, “Kalkınma konusunda coğrafi yaklaşımla yapılan araştırmalar ve temel araştırma konuları nelerdir, bu araştırmaların başlangıç tarihlerini ne zamana kadar götürmek mümkündür?” sorularına yanıt aramaktadır. İlgili soruların cevaplanmasına yönelik kalkınma kavramının sorunsallaştırılması da gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle kalkınma coğrafyası çalışmalarına geçmeden önce kalkınma literatürü, ana eksenler etrafında irdelenmiş ve kavramın günümüzdeki kullanımı açıklanmıştır. Coğrafya alanında yapılmış kalkınma araştırmaları ise 1940’lı yıllardan günümüze kadar ele alınmıştır. Bu inceleme tarihsel okuma perspektifinden “ne ve ne zaman” soruları üzerine temellendirilmiştir. İlgili yayın dizinin incelenmesi sonucu coğrafya biliminde, kalkınma araştırmalarının gelişiminde dört farklı dönem ayırt edilmiştir. Birincisi 1960’lı yıllara kadar hakim olmuş bölgesel coğrafya araştırmalarından oluşmaktadır. İkinci dönem 1960’lı yıllardan itibaren nicel devrimin etkisi altında gelişmiş, mekansal modellemeler ile karakterize edilen dönemdir. Üçüncü dönem 1970’li yıllardan itibaren Marksist anlayışın coğrafi düşünceye olan etkisi ile eleştirel araştırmaların ortaya çıkmaya başladığı dönemdir. Dördüncüsü ise 1990’lı yıllardan itibaren gelişmeye başlayan post yapısal yaklaşımlar sonucu ortaya çıkan ilişkisel çalışmalar ile karaterize edilebilecek dönemdir.
Poverty and inequality; social, economic, ethnic or any other reason, although not as level as today, has always existed, and has been found as an important research topic in the scientific literature. However, in both social and economic policy, the focus was on poor people, rather than on poor areas. In other words, the place which is an integral part of development has been ignored. Nowadays, the perspectives that bring space to the fore in development research have gained importance. The number of researches on development by geographers is increasing in this process. This study entitled "Brief History of Development Research in Geography " seek answers to the questions "What are the main research topics and researches about development with a geographical approach, When are the start dates of these investigations?" It is also necessary to problematize the concept of development for answering relevant questions. For this reason, the development literature is examined around the main axes and the current use of the concept is explained before the development geography studies. Development studies in the field of geography have been examined from the 1940s until today. This review is based on "what and when" questions from a historical reading perspective. In the historical development of the development studies conducted in the discipline of geography as a result of examining the related publication series, four different periods have been distinguished. The first consists of regional geography surveys that were dominated by the 1960s. The second period is the period characterized by spatial modeling developed under the influence of the quantitative revolution since the 1960s. The third period is the period when the critical research began to emerge as a result of the impact of Marxist understanding on geographic thought since the 1970s. The fourth one is the period that can be characterized by the relative studies that emerged as a result of the post-strucural approaches that began to develop since the 1990s.
Poverty and inequality; social, economic, ethnic or any other reason, although not as severe as today, has always existed, and has been found as an important research topic in the scientific literature. However, in both social and economic policy, the focus was on poor people, rather than on poor areas. In other words, the place which is an integral part of development has been ignored. Nowadays, the perspectives that bring space to the fore in development research have gained importance. The number of researches on development by geographers is increasing in this process. This study entitled “Brief History of Development Research in Geography “ seek answers to the questions “What are the main research topics and researches about development with a geographical approach, When are the start dates of these investigations?” It is also necessary to problematize the concept of development for answering relevant questions. For this reason, the development literature is examined around the main axes and the current use of the concept is explained before the development geography studies. Development studies in the field of geography have been examined from the 1940s until today. This review is based on “what and when” questions from a historical reading perspective. In the historical development of the development studies conducted in the discipline of geography as a result of examining the related publication series, four different periods have been distinguished. The first consists of regional geography surveys that were dominated by the 1960s. The second period is the period characterized by spatial modeling developed under the influence of the quantitative revolution since the 1960s. The third period is the period when the critical research started to emerge as a result of the impact of Marxist understanding on geographic thought since the 1970s. The fourth one is the period which can be characterized by the relational studies that emerged as a result of the post structural approaches that started to develop since the 1990s.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Ulusal
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