Özet:

In citrus production, damages caused by weeds in the crop do not cause any visible damage like diseases and insects. But appear as an insufficient or, bushy-type growth in trees and yield and quality losses at the harvest. Damages caused by weeds appear as low yield and quality losses in seedlings, undergrowth on trees and harvest. Therefore, in the management against weeds, the recognition and diagnosis of harmful weed species with a conscious follow-up becomes very important. Weeds cause the fast and right application of agricultural practices (fertilization, irrigation, harvesting, etc.) related to cultivation. As a result of intensive use of herbicides in management against weeds, the ecosystem is adversely affected as well as problems such as resistance etc. In this study, it’s aimed to determine the types of cover crops that can be an alternative to chemical management in citrus orchards, can be used in the manage by suppressing the development of weed species through their soil coverage properties, and at the same time can benefit the ecosystem. The study, planned for this purpose, was established in a newly established Enterdonat lemon orchard in the Seyhan district of Adana province in 2019 according to split plots experimental design with four replications. After designing the experiment, cover crops common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rye (Seceale cereale L.), common burnet (Poterium sanguisorba L.), sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa Lam), and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) were sowed between rows. Four ¼ m2 permanent squares were established in the each plot, coverage (%) and the number of cover crops and weed species was determined. When cover crops reached up to 10% flowering, cover crops and weed species in the squares were harvested from the soil surface for measurements. The results show that, all cover crop species included in the trial decreased the number of weed species compared to the control. According to this 10 weed species were determined in barley and sainfoin, 8 in common burnet, 7 in meadow button, 6 in hairy vetch, 3 in rye and 1 in radish while 16 different weed species were found in the control application. In the study, the most common weed species are Common mallow (Malva sylvestris L.), was founded 18.00 weed/m2 in control plot, while it was recorded as 4.00 weed/m2, 6.50 weed/m2 and 6.75 weed/m2 in radish, rye and hairy vetch applications, respectively. The other main harmful weed species is Yellow sweet clover [Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall.] was 5.00 weed/m2 in the control plot, while it was calculated as 4.50 weed/m2 and 2.00 weed/m2 in rye and hairy vetch applications, respectively. Cover crop which is radish, application, there were no different weed species found except for Common mallow.

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