Views
43
Downloands
9
Soğuk savaş yıllarında “geleneksel” toplumların “modern” toplumlara dönüştürülmesi politikası çerçevesinde Amerikan değerlerinin ve yaşam tarzının, özellikle üçüncü dünya ülkelerine empoze edilmesi, dolayısıyla anti-komünist Amerikan politik ve ekonomik sisteminin yaygınlaştırılması amaçlanıyordu. Özellikle bu dönemde ABD üniversitelerinde, ABD’nin dış politikalarına bilimsel malzeme sağlamak için politik ve ekonomik kalkınma, uluslararası iletişim ve kitle iletişim araçları konularında çalışmalar yürütülüyordu. 1950’li yıllarda Columbia Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Sosyal Araştırmalar Bürosu, Prof. Dr. Daniel Lerner’ın yönetiminde, ABD’nin dış politikasıyla uyumlu olarak Türkiye’de kitle iletişim araçlarının toplumsal değişmeye etkisi üzerine araştırmaları gerçekleştirmiştir. Saha çalışmasına dayanan araştırmada Türkiye’nin hem toplumsal hem de araçsal bağlamda iletişim haritası altı ayrı raporda detaylı olarak aktarılmıştır. Bu araştırmalar iletişim disiplini bağlamında Türkiye’de yapılmış ilk saha çalışmalarıdır. Bu makalede raporlardan Radio Listening in Turkey (1952) çalışması incelenerek hem 1950’ler Türkiye’sinde radyonun konumu hem de ABD soğuk savaş politikalarının yörüngesi ve biçemi ortaya konmaya çalışılmaktadır. Söz konusu yıllarda Türkiye’de radyonun elzem bir kitle iletişim aracı olduğu, özellikle kırsal kesimin vazgeçilmezi olduğu söylenebilir. Ayrıca raporda Türkiye’nin BBC başta olmak üzere Batı kaynaklı radyo yayınlarına ilgi gösterdiği ifade edilerek Voice of America’nın konumu hakkında da ön tartışmalar yapılmaktadır.
In the context of the policy of transforming “traditional” societies into “modern” societies in the years of the Cold War, the aim was to impose American values and lifestyle, especially on the third world countries, and thus to spread the anti-communist American political and economic system. Especially during this period, studies were conducted at U.S. universities on the topics of political and economic development, international communication and the means of public communication to provide scientific materials to U.S. foreign policy. In the 1950s, the University of Columbia's Office of Applied Social Research, under the leadership of Prof. Dr. Daniel Lerner, conducted research on the impact of mass communications in Turkey on social change in accordance with U.S. foreign policy. In the research based on the field work, the communication map of Turkey in both social and vehicle contexts has been detailed in six separate reports. These researches are the first field studies done in Turkey in the context of communication discipline. In this article, the study of Radio Listening in Turkey (1952) studies the location of the radio in the 1950s and the orbit and form of the US Cold War policies. In those years, it can be said that the radio in Turkey is an elementary mass communication medium, especially the rural sector is unnecessary. The report also states that Turkey has expressed interest in Western radio broadcasts, including the BBC, and that the position of Voice of America is also discussed in advance.
During the Cold War period, USA had focused to impose the American values and life style to The Third World countries in the context of transforming policy of “traditional” societies to “modern” societies. Besides, to spread the anti-communism and to popularize American way of thinking had been aimed by USA power. In this period, American universities worked on political and economic development, international-political communication and mass communication subjects to provide the scientific data for USA politics. In 1950’s, Columbia University Bureau of Applied Social Research, in Daniel Lerner’s direction, made some researches about the influence of mass communication on social change in Turkey. The mass communication map of Turkey was described in six detailed reports which was based on field work. So this mass communication researches were the first field works of Turkish communication studies. In this paper one of these reports, Radio Listening in Turkey (1952) was analysed both as a source of Turkish radio listening attitude and USA Cold War policies on Turkey. According to this report, radio was the essential mass communication, particularly for rural population it was indispensable means. Besides, the attitude of Turkish society for foreign broadcasting, particularly VOA, was discussed in the context of American-Turkish relation.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Ulusal
Article Detail 
Similar Articles
Download PDF
Journal Information
Listen Paper
Cite
Print This Page
Share
Mendeley
