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Tanrı’nın Tekliğine Dair Tartışmalar
2020
Journal:  
Tasavvur / Tekirdağ İlahiyat Dergisi
Author:  
Abstract:

Tanrı’nın varlığına dair getirilen argümanlar, başarılı kabul edildiği taktirde en az bir tanrının var olduğu gösterir. Acaba kanıtların gösterdiği özelliklere sahip başka tanrılar da var mıdır? Bu sorun, Tanrı’nın tekliği problemi olarak bilinir ve özellikle orta çağ felsefesinde detaylı olarak tartışılmıştır. İslam kelamcılarının bu bağlamda Tanrı’nın tekliğini göstermek için verdikleri en önemli argümanlardan biri de “burhân-ı temânü”dür. Burhân-ı temânünün modal versiyonuna göre, her mümkün duruma gücü yeten (kâdir-i mutlak, omnipotent) ve iradesinde özgür (fâil-i muhtar) iki tanrının iradeleri mümkün bir durumda çelişkiye yol açar. Dolayısıyla bu özelliklere sahip iki tanrı varsaymak problemlidir. Bu makale, bahsi geçen argümanın başarılı olduğunu kabul ederek, her mümkün duruma gücü yeten ama iradeleri zorunlu olarak aynı iki tanrının mümkün olup olmadığını tartışıyor. Bu alternatifin söz konusu olabileceği senaryoları ele alarak her bir senaryonun problemli sonuçlara yol açtığını savunuyor. Bu çerçevede kelamda “burhân-ı tevârüd” adıyla bilinen argüman da güncellenerek ele alınan tartışmaya nasıl katkıda bulunabileceğini gösteriliyor.

Keywords:

Discussions about God's Unity
2020
Author:  
Abstract:

The arguments brought about the existence of God indicate that at least one God exists if it is successfully accepted. Is there any other gods with the characteristics of the evidence? This problem is known as the problem of God’s unity and has been discussed in detail, especially in medieval philosophy. One of the most important arguments the Islamic speakers give to show God’s unity in this context is the “Burhan-i-Taman”. According to the modal version of the Burhan-i assumption, the will of the two gods, who are capable of every possible situation (the absolute, the omnipotent) and free in his will (the great) leads to contradiction in a possible situation. Therefore, it is difficult to assume two gods with these qualities. This article, acknowledging that the aforementioned argument is successful, discusses whether the same two gods, who are capable of every possible situation but necessarily the will, are possible. He claims that by addressing the scenarios that this alternative may be concerned, each scenario leads to problematic results. In this framework, the argument known as "burhân-i tevârüd" in the word also shows how it can contribute to the discussion being discussed by updating.

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Discussions On Divine Uniqueness
2020
Author:  
Abstract:

Arguments for the existence of God, if assumed to be successful, show at most that there is at least one god. What if there are more gods that exemplify the attributes ascribed to God on the basis of these arguments? This is known as the problem of the uniqueness of God and had been discussed extensively in Medieval philosophy. Muslim mutakallimūn offered a famous modal argument for the uniqueness of God, which is known as burhān al-tamānu. According to this argument, the postulation of two omnipotent gods that have free will leads to a contradiction in a possible world. Thus, by a reductio argument this postulation is shown to be problematic. In this article, I assume that burhān al-tamānu is successful and consider the case as to whether two gods can have necessarily the same will. After I examine all the scenarios in which this assumption is held to be true, I show that all scenarios lead to problems. In this regard, I make use of another argument formulated by the Muslim mutakallimūn, which is known as burhān al-tawārud. This argument aims to show that two gods having the same will over the same thing leads to problems. After updating this argument, I show its relevance to the discussion in question.

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Tasavvur / Tekirdağ İlahiyat Dergisi

Field :   İlahiyat

Journal Type :   Uluslararası

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Article : 383
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Tasavvur / Tekirdağ İlahiyat Dergisi