Özet:

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that has posed a public health problem for a long time and whose medical treatment is lifelong and expensive. Thus, populations have the alternative treatment of using medicinal plants. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of the aqueous extract of the trunk bark of Sclerocarya birrea (EAqScB) and its cyclohexane fraction (F4) in order to justify its traditional use in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The study was done on rats induced type 2 diabetic by injection of streptozotocin (STZ). These animals are administered a daily dose of EAqScB and F4 for 28 days.The rats blood sugar was measured regularly every 7 days. At the end of the experiment, the rats are fasted and anesthetized, then the blood of these animals is taken from the orbital sinus using a Pasteur pipette, in order to determine their hematological and serum parameters. EAqScB and F4 at the respective doses of 100 and 25 mg/kg B.W. induced a very significant decrease (p<0.01) in the hyperglycaemia induced by STZ. These extracts induced a significant drop (p<0.05) in blood platelets, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and glycated hemoglobin levels in treated diabetic rats. On the other hand, they increased the levels of HDL and hepatic glucose of these rats at the end of the treatment. These extracts regulate the levels of biochemical and serum parameters of diabetic rats compared to those of control rats.

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