Somut göründüğü kadar soyut kültürü de içinde barındıran sayılar, insanlığın tarihi kadar eskidir. Dilin var oluşuyla birlikte her kültür kendi yaşam ve hayat tecrübeleri neticesinde sayılara bir takım gizli anlamlar ve kudsiyetler yüklemişlerdir. Bu durumun oluşmasında folklor, edebiyat, müzik, din, inanış gibi kültür ögeleri de etkili olmuştur. Bir toplumda kullanılan sayılar yahut sayı sistemleri incelendiğinde o toplumun inanışlarını, geçmişten günümüze aktarılan tarihî birikimlerini, yaşadıkları coğrafî bölgelerdeki oluşturdukları ve etkilendikleri kültürlerden izleri de görebilmek mümkündür. Öyleyse sayılar ve sayı sistemleri dil içerisinde belirli oranda olsalar da toplumların hayatında önemli bir rol oynarlar ve her toplumun kendini ifade edebildiği bir sayı sistemi vardır. Köktürk dönemi metinlerinde görmeye başladığımız sayı sistemimiz sırasıyla Uygur, Karahanlı, Harezm-Kıpçak, Çağatay ve Osmanlı dönemi metinlerinde evrilerek günümüzdeki şeklini almıştır. Harezm Türkçesi dönemi de bu dönemler içerisinde önemli yere sahiptir. Bu döneme ait metin olan Ķıŝaŝü'l-Enbiyā, Nāŝirü'd-dīn bin Burhānü'd-dīn Rabġūzī tarafından kaleme alınmış bir peygamberler kıssasıdır. Aynı zamanda siyer özelliği de taşımakta olan eser, Arapçadan Farsçaya yapılmış bir tercümenin Türkçeye uyarlamasıdır. Müellif, Ķıŝaŝ-ı Rabġūzī adını verdiği eserini 709 (1309-10) yılında yazmaya başladığını, gece gündüz yoğun bir şekilde çalışarak 710’da (1310-11) tamamladığını ve Nāŝirü'd-dīn Toķ Buġa’ya sunduğunu belirtir. Tanrı’ya hamdüsenâ, bir na‘t-ı şerif ve Toķ Buġa’nın methiyesiyle başlayan Ķıŝaŝü'l-Enbiyā’da kâinatın yaratılışına temas edildikten sonra Hz. Âdem’den itibaren bütün peygamberlerin kıssaları ile Hâbil ve Kâbil, Hârût ve Mârût, Avac b. Annâk, Kârûn, Sâmirî, Ashâb-ı Kehf ve Fil Vak‘ası gibi çeşitli kıssalara yer verilmiş, Hz. Peygamber’in siyeri geniş biçimde anlatılmış, dört halifenin faziletleri zikredilmiştir. Ķıŝaŝü'l-Enbiyā’nın pek çok nüshası bulunmaktadır. Bu nüshalar arasında eserin en eski ve dönemin dil özelliklerini en iyi yansıtan nüshası olarak British Museum’daki (Londra) nüshadır. Harezm Türkçesiyle kaleme alınan Ķıŝaŝü'l-Enbiyā üzerine metin neşrinden dil çalışmalarına, edebiyat tarihi çalışmalarından üslûp çalışmalarına varıncaya değin çeşitli tür ve miktarda çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalara katkı sağlamak amacıyla kaleme aldığımız bu makalede Aysu Ata tarafından yayımlanan Nāŝirü'd-dīn bin Burhānü'd-dīn Rabġūzī, Ķıŝaŝü'l-Enbiyā (Peygamber Kıssaları) adlı eser temel alınmış, Ķıŝaŝü'l-Enbiyā’da yer alan sayı sistemleri birbirinden farklı başlıklar altında incelenerek ayrıntılı bir şekilde verilmiştir. Metinler Al-Rabghūzī The Stories of the Prophets Ķiŝaŝ al-Anbiyā: An Eastern Turkish Version adlı eserle de karşılaştırılmış, okuma farklılıkları belirtilmiştir. Yapılan inceleme sonucunda bu nadide eserde geçen sayı sistemlerine ufak da olsa bir ışık tutulmaya çalışılmıştır.
The numbers that contain as substantial as abstract culture as it seems are as old as the history of mankind. With the existence of the language, each culture, as a result of its own life and life experiences, has charged a number of secret meanings and devotions to the numbers. In this situation, cultural objects such as folklore, literature, music, religion, faith have also been influential. When we study the numbers or number systems used in a society, it is possible to see the beliefs of that society, the historical accumulations transmitted from the past to the present, the traces of the cultures they form and influence in the geographical areas in which they live. Thus, numbers and number systems, even if in a certain proportion within the language, play an important role in the life of societies, and there is a number system that each society can express itself. Our number system, which we began to see in the texts of the Köktürk period, has evolved in the texts of the Uygur, Karahanlı, Harezm-Kıpçak, Çağatay and Ottoman period, respectively, and has taken its current shape. The Turkish Harezm period also has an important place in these periods. The text of this period is a quotation of the prophets taken by Nāŝirü'd-dīn bin Burhānü'd-dīn Rabġūzī. The work that also carries the siyer feature is the adaptation of a translator from Arabic to Persian to Turkish. He says that he began to write his work which he named Kıŝaŝ Rabġūzī in 709 (1309-10), and that he completed in 710 (1310-11), working intensely day and night, and presented it to Nāŝirü'd-dīn Toķ Buġa. Through the praise of God, a na't-i sheriff and Toķ Buġa began with the methies of Khıŝaŝü'l-Enbiyā after contacting the creation of the universe in Hz. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was the fourth Prophet (peace and blessings). There are a lot of nuts of Kıŝaŝü'l-Enbiyā. Among these niches is the British Museum (London) as a niche that reflects the language characteristics of the time. There were various types and quantities of studies on the Kıŝaŝü'l-Enbiyā, which was painted with Harezm Turkish, from the text to the language studies, from the literary history studies to the work of the literature. In this article we have received a paper in order to contribute to the work done; published by Aysu Ata by Nāŝirü'd-dīn bin Burhānü'd-dīn Rabġūzī, based on the work of Ķıŝaŝü'l-Enbiyā (Prophet's Messages), the number systems in Ķıŝaŝü'l-Enbiyā have been detailed by examining each other under different titles. Al-Rabghūzī The Stories of the Prophets Ķiŝaŝ al-Anbiyā: An Eastern Turkish Version As a result of the study, this rare work has been attempted to keep a small light on the number systems.
The numbers, which include abstract culture as well as concrete looks, are as old as the history of humanity. With the existence of language, each culture has placed several hidden meanings and attributes on the numbers as a result of their own life and life experiences. In this situation, folklore, literature, music, religion, belief, such as cultural elements have been influential. When the numbers or number systems used in society are examined, it is possible to see the beliefs of that society, the historical accumulation transferred from the past to the present, and traces of the cultures they formed and influenced in the geographical regions where they lived. So numbers and number systems play an important role in the lives of societies, even though they are at a certain rate within the language, and every society has a system of numbers that can express itself. Our number system, which we started to see in the Kokturk period texts, has evolved into the Uigur, Karakhanid, Khorezm-Kipchak, Chagatai, and the Ottoman period texts. The period of Khorezm Turkish has an important place in these periods. The text of this period, Ḳiṣaṣ al-Anbiyā, is a story of prophets written by Nosiruddin Burhonuddin Al-Rabghūzī. The work, which also has a prophetic biography characteristic, is an adaptation of a translation from Arabic to Persian into Turkish. The author states that he began writing his work called Ḳiṣaṣ Al-Rabghūzī in 709 (1309-10), and completed it in 710 (1310-11), working extensively day and night, and presented it to Nosiruddin Tok Buga. The work titled Ḳiṣaṣ al-Anbiyā begins with the praise of God, a poem praising the Prophet Muhammad (s), and praise Tok Buga. After the creation of the universe is explained in the work, after the stories of all the prophets from Adam to Abel, and Cain, Hārūt and Mārūt, Avac b. Annāk, Croesus, Sāmarí, Seven Sleepers, and Ām al-fīl (year of the Elephant) are given various stories. The prophetic biography of the Prophet (s) was widely described and the virtues of the four caliphs were mentioned. There are many copies of Ḳiṣaṣ al-Anbiyā. Among these copies is the one in the British Museum (London), which is the oldest of the works and best reflects the linguistic features of the period. There have been various types and quantities of works on Ḳiṣaṣ al-Anbiyā written in Khorezm Turkish, ranging from text to language studies, from literary history studies to stylistic studies. The number systems in Ḳiṣaṣ al-Anbiyā are examined under different headings and given in detail in this article, which we have written to contribute to the work done; Nosiruddin Burhonuddin Al-Rabghūzī, Ḳiṣaṣ al-Anbiyā (Stories of the Prophet) published by Aysu Ata is based on the work. The texts were also compared to the work called Al-Rabghūz ī The Stories of the Prophets Ḳiṣaṣ al-Anbiyā: An Eastern Turkish Version, with differences in reading indicated. As a result of the examination, a light was tried to be shed on the number systems mentioned in this rare work.
Alan : Güzel Sanatlar; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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