Özet:

The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of multidimensional human development index, renewable energy consumption, non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth on non-carbon ecological footprint for Turkey. The modified human development Kuznets curve was tested for this purpose using data from 1965 to 2016. With the use of non-carbon ecological footprint, it is aimed to investigate the local effects of environmental degradation. To produce reliable results, structural break methods were used, considering the economic and social transformations Turkey had experienced during the relevant period. The Carrion-i-Silvestre structural break unit root (2009) test was used to evaluate the stationarity of the variables. The cointegration relationship between the series was investigated using the Gregory-Hansen structural break cointegration test (1996), and the long and short term coefficients were estimated using the Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) method. Finally, the causal relationship between the variables was explored by Hatemi-j (2012) asymmetric causality test. According to the empirical findings, there is an "Inverted U" relationship between multidimensional human development and non-carbon ecological footprint, and the series are cointegrated. It has been concluded that renewable energy consumption and economic growth contribute to the expansion of the non-carbon ecological footprint, while non-renewable energy consumption reduces the non-carbon ecological footprint and mitigates environmental degradation.

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