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Yontma Taş çağından itibaren varlığı bilinen ev; insanların fizyolojik, sosyolojik ve ekonomik ihtiyaçlarının karşılandığı bir yaşam alanıdır. Bu yapı biriminin oluşmasında ekonomik, toplumsal, kültürel ve coğrafi özelliklerin etkilidir. Bölgelerin malzeme, teknik, süsleme özellikleriyle farklılaştığı evlerde genellikle Türk Evi planı kullanılır. Fakat bölgesel ihtiyaçlardan dolayı planda bazı farklılıklar göze çarpar. İhtiyaca göre oda sayısı artar, açık ve kapalı alanlar değişebilir. Plan, genellikle İslam dininin esasları dikkate alınarak şekillenir. Evler, 19. yüzyıl ve sonrasında Osmanlı Mimarisinde geniş yer tutar. Eski Malatya (Battalgazi) bu evlerin, Cumhuriyet döneminde yeniden şekillendiği bir merkezdir. Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nin önemli kavşak noktalarından biri olan Malatya, ilk olarak Hititler döneminde Meldia (Meyve bahçesi) ismiyle Aslantepe Höyüğünde kurulmuştur. İpek yolu üzerinde kurulan şehir, ticaret açısından önemli stratejik bir noktada olduğu için tarih boyunca birçok medeniyete, kültüre ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Son olarak 1515 yılında Osmanlı Devleti hâkimiyetine geçen şehir, bir Türk şehri kalmaya devam etmiştir. 1840 yılına kadar Eski Malatya (Battalgazi), şehir merkezi konumunu korumuştur. Türk-İslam eserlerinin ilk örneklerinin merkezi olan Battalgazi’de sivil mimari eserlerin en güzel örnekleri olan evler. Cumhuriyet dönemiyle birlikte yenilenmiş ve geleneksel özelliklerini koruyarak günümüze kadar gelebilmiştir. Makalede Malatya’nın Battalgazi İlçesi Saray Mahallesi’nde bulunan altı evin cephe özellikleri değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Cepheler; Türk Evinin genel özelliği olan süslemeden uzak, sade cephe olmasının yanı sıra karakteristik olarak belirli bir düzen içerisinde sokağa yansımıştır. Bu evler; Ayten Taner – Hacer Nurten Burnaka Evi, Bekir Sıtkı Arpacı Evi, Emine Turfanda Evi, Mahir Aydoğan ve Müşterekleri Evi, Müşerref Arpacı Evi, Hatice ve Perihan Arpacı Evi. Evler zemin ve birinci kattan oluşmaktadır. Zemin kattın cephesinde pencereler ve eve giriş kapısı yer alır. Giriş kapıları bazı evlerde sokaktan doğrudan yaşam alanlarına açılırken bazı evlerde bahçeye açılmaktadır. Cephedeki pencereler, dikdörtgen formlu ve genellikle küçük boyuttadır. Evin birinci katında pencere sayısı artmıştır. Evlerin cephe özellikleri bakımından karakteristik olan çıkma (cumba) yer alır. Büyük olan evlerin orta kısmında, küçük olan evlerin ise cephenin bir bölümünde ileri doğru uzatılan çıkmalar, genellikle odanın genişliğine göre yapılır ve ahşap malzeme ile vurgulanır. Orta bölümün ya her iki yanında ya da bir tarafında yapılmış, dışa pencerelerle açılan yaşam alanları yer alır. Dikdörtgen formdaki pencereleri çevreleyen, iç içe birkaç silmeden oluşmuş yuvarlak kemer dizileri yer alır. Evler, ileri doğru uzayan geniş saçak ve üst örtü olarak genellikle kırma veya beşik çatı kullanılarak tamamlanmıştır.
The house, known for its existence from the Stone Age, is a living area where the physiological, sociological and economic needs of people are met. In the formation of this structure unit, economic, social, cultural and geographical characteristics are effective. In the houses where the areas differ by the material, technical, decorative characteristics, the Turkish House plan is often used. However, due to regional needs, some differences are seen in the plan. The number of rooms increases according to the need, the open and closed spaces can change. The plan is often formed taking into account the principles of the Islamic religion. The houses hold a wide place in the Ottoman architecture in the 19th century and later. Ancient Malatya (Battalgazi) is a center where these houses were rebuilt during the Republican period. Malatya, one of the important crossroads of the Eastern Anadolu Region, was first founded in the Aslantepe Highland under the name Meldia (Fruit Garden) during the Hitlers period. The city, founded on the Silk Road, has hosted many civilizations, cultures throughout the history, since it is a strategic point of importance in terms of trade. Lastly, the city, passed under the Ottoman state in 1515, continued to be a Turkish city. Until 1840, Old Malta (Battalgazi) retained its city center position. The houses in Battalgazi, the center of the first examples of Turkish-Islamic works, are the most beautiful examples of civil architectural works. It has been renewed and preserved with its traditional characteristics until today. In the article, it was tried to evaluate the front characteristics of the six houses located in the Battalgazi district of Malatya in the Palace District. The fronts are far from the decoration, which is the general feature of the Turkish House, as well as a simple front, and characteristically in a specific order reflect the street. These houses are: Ayten Taner - Hacer Nurten Burnaka House, Bekir Sıtkı Arpacı House, Emine Turfanda House, Mahir Aydoğan and Customers House, Müşerref Arpacı House, Hatice and Perihan Arpacı House. The houses are made up of floor and first floor. On the front of the floor floor are windows and the entrance door to the house. In some houses, the entrance doors open directly from the street to the living areas, while in some houses they open to the garden. The windows on the front are rectangular and are usually small. The number of windows in the first floor has increased. There is the exit (cumba) characteristic of the front features of the houses. In the middle of the large houses, and in a part of the front of the small houses, the advanced outputs are usually made according to the width of the room and emphasized with wood material. The living areas are built either on both sides or on one side of the middle section, opened with windows to the outside. It is a round belt series that surrounds the windows in a straight shape, made up of a few deleted inside. The houses are usually completed with the use of a broken or five-covered roof as a wide roof and upper cover that extends forward.
Ancient Malatya (Battalgazi) was first established in Aslantepe Mound under the name of Meldia (Orchard) during the Hittite period. The city, which was established on the silk road, has hosted many civilizations and cultures throughout history as it is at a strategic point in terms of trade. Finally, the city, which was dominated by the Ottoman Empire in 1515, remained a Turkish city. Until 1840, Ancient Malatya (Battalgazi) maintained its position as the city center. Houses that are the most beautiful examples of civil architectural works in Battalgazi, which is the center of the first examples of Turkish-Islamic works. It was renewed with the Republican period and has survived to the present day by preserving its traditional features. In the article, the facade features of six houses in Battalgazi District Saray Neighborhood of Malatya were tried to be evaluated. The facades are characteristically reflected on the street in a certain order as well as being a simple facade away from the decoration, which is the general feature of the Turkish House. These houses are; Ayten Taner-Hacer Nurten Burnaka House, Bekir Sıtkı Arpacı House, Emine Turfanda House, Mahir Aydoğan and Müşterekleri House, Müşerref Arpacı House, Hatice and Perihan Arpacı House. The houses consist of ground and first floor. On the facade of the ground floor are the windows and the entrance door to the house. The entrance doors open directly from the street to the living areas in some houses and to the garden in some houses. The windows on the facade are rectangular in shape and usually small in size. The number of windows has increased on the first floor of the house. There is a cantilever (cumba), which is characteristic in terms of the facade features of the houses. In the middle of the large houses and in the part of the facade of the small houses, the protrusions extended forward are usually made according to the width of the room and are emphasized with wooden material. There are living areas that are either made on both sides or on one side of the middle section and open with outward windows. A series of rounded arches, consisting of several nested wipers, surrounding the windows in rectangular form. Houses are usually completed using a cradle or cradle roof as a wide eaves and top cover extending forward.
Alan : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler; Spor Bilimleri
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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