Özet:

Contrary to the perception of many European political scientists and media, the political and social liberalisation processes and the dilution of the homogenisation dogma issued by the Kemalistnationalist government in Turkey did not result from the beginning EU-membership negotiations in 1999 and the initial policy of reform pursued by the AKP in the years after 2000 only. Already in the second half of the twentieth century - despite the consistent implementation of a Kemalist Ethnic nationalism - some ethno-political relaxations could be observed which were divided into several developmental phases. They were related to partial processes of political and social liberalisation and caused by social as well as domestic and international political impulses. At this time, the EU/EC was not as important as it is today. The transformation processes in the 21st century are ultimately results of these gradual and multiphase developmental processes in the 20th century. The purpose of the paper at hand is to analyse and discuss these processes in detail. It is the second of two parts of a bigger study and will focus on occurrences between 1980 and 1999.

Anahtar Kelimeler: