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Edebi türlerin en eskilerinden birisi olan ve Arapçadaki “melhame” sözcüğünün karşılığı olan destan kelimesi, “l-h-m” kökünden türemiş ismi mekândır. Sözlükte; “ölümlü, kanlı savaş, savaş yeri, savaşın en şiddetli hali, her taraftan ceset ve giysi parçaları saçılan, insanın kaçamayacağı derecede şiddetli bir savaş hali” gibi anlamlara gelmektedir. Spesifik anlamda ise, tarih öncesi dönemden günümüze kadar değişerek gelmiş, yazarı belli olmayan, kulaktan kulağa yayılan ve toplumun hayal gücüyle biçim değiştiren; insan ve insanüstü varlıklarla ilgili hayalî veya alegorik bir anlatımı olan halk hikâyeleridir. Klasik dönem Arap edebiyatında, Cahiliye-Emevi-Abbasi dönemi şairlerinin bazı şiirleri kahramanlık, savaş manzaraları içerse de bu tür şiirlerin tam bir destan olduğu söylenemez. Buna karşın Arap edebiyatında bulunan ve sîret şeklinde isimlendirilen halk hikâyeleri tarzındaki edebi tür, bazı edebiyatçılar tarafından destana eşdeğer olarak görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, Arap edebiyatındaki destan anlayışı ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Klasik ve modern dönem Arap edebiyatındaki destansı unsurlar ele alınmış, Arapların destan geleneğinden yoksun olmasının muhtemel sebepleri araştırılmıştır. Son olarak modern dönem Arap yapay destanlarından bazılarının kısa tanıtımı yapılmış ve bunlara ait bazı örnekler verilerek konunun daha iyi anlaşılması hedeflenmiştir.
The castan word, which is one of the oldest of the literary species and corresponds to the word "melhame" in Arabic, is the name "l-h-m" derived from the root. In the dictionary, “the deadly, bloody war, the place of war, the most violent state of war, the most violent state of war, the most violent state of war, the most violent state of war, the most violent state of war, the most violent state of war, the most violent state of war, the most violent state of war, the most violent state of war, the most violent state of war, the most violent state of war, the most violent state of war, the most violent state of war, the most violent state of war, the most violent state of war, the most violent state of war, the most violent state of war, the most violent state of war.” Specifically, they are popular stories that have changed from the prehistoric period to the present day, the author is unknown, spread from ears to ears and changed form by the imagination of society; a fictional or allegorical narrative of human and supernatural beings. In classical Arab literature, some poems of the Cahiliye-Emevi-Abbasi period poems include heroism, war scenes, but it is not possible to say that such poems are a complete plot. Nevertheless, the literary type in the style of people's stories, found in Arabic literature and named in the form of sirs, has been seen as equivalent to the story by some literary scientists. In this study, it was attempted to reveal the distant understanding of Arabic literature. The classical and modern periods of Arab literature have been discussed, and the possible reasons for the absence of the Arabs from the traditions of the Arabs have been investigated. Finally, a brief introduction of some of the modern Arab artists was made and some examples of them were given to a better understanding of the subject.
The word epic, which is one of the oldest of literary genres and corresponds to the word “malhama” in Arabic; is a name derived from the root of “l-h-m”. In lexicon, it means “mortal, bloody war, war place, the most violent state of war, scattered corpses and clothes from all sides, oone of the most violent state of war that mankind cannot ran away”. However, specifically, they (epics) mean folk tales that have changed from prehistoric times to the present day, whose author is not known, traditionally spreading and transforming with the imagination of society and have an imaginary narrative about human and superhuman beings or have an allegorical narrative. Although it includes heroism and war scenes in some of the poems of the Jahiliyya-Umayyad-Abbasid period in classical Arabic literature, such poems cannot be said to be a complete epic. On the other hand, the literary genre in the style of folk tales, which is found in Arabic literature and named as sîrah (biography), has been seen as equivalent to epic by some writers. In this study, the understanding of epic in Arabic literature is tried to be put forward. Epic elements in classical and modern Arabic literature are discussed and possible reasons for the lack of the epic in Arab’s literature are investigated. Finally, a summary of some of the modern artificial Arab epics are introduced in an effort to make the article more comprehensible.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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