Özet:

The foundation of the state that Muhammad founded was the Arabs, and there were very few non-Muslims in the region where the state was founded. Through the conquests of Hulefa in the period of Rashidin, many countries, such as Syria, Egypt, Iraq and Iran, joined Islamic territory. During the Emevian period, the conquest movements expanded further and the state’s borders extended from Endulus to Central Asia. In the areas they conquered, the Arabs recognized the right of the inhabitants of the countries they conquered to be attached to their own religions, provided that they pay the cage for which the Islam was promised. However, this privilege applied until the Emevîs period, developed in different dimensions. The Emevians formed a rule based on the Arab noble class instead of the state conception that the Islam predicted. Thro the time, the Emevians, who became a privileged class within the state, became exempt from a number of taxes. The majority of the soldiers registered in the Divana were from Arabs, while the Muslims who accepted Islam but were not Arabs were treated as second-class citizens. Though they were Muslims, all kinds of taxes were taken from them to increase the income of the state, and even the charges taken from non-Muslims.