Özet:

After the death of the Prophet, some sects began to form in the Islamic world. While these sects arise around religious thought, it is possible to see political influence in some of them. When Religious-Political sects are mentioned, the first ones that come to mind are Hârigiy-ya, al-Shî’a and Mu‘tazila. Although the al-Shî’a sect has continued to exist to the present day, Hârigiyya and Mu‘tazila have continued as an idea. The first thing that comes to mind when it comes to Mu‘tazila is “rationality” and “Five Principles”. The Mu‘tazila sect, which has a religious-Political feature, has always kept the mind at the forefront. Tawhid, Justice, al-Menzile beyne'l-Menzileteyn, Emir-i bi'l-Ma'ruf Nehiy ani'l-Munker and al-Va'd wa'l-Vaid are the five Principles that form the basis of the thought structure of Mu'tazila. The idea of the Mu‘tazila is built on these “Five Principles”. These principles have been accep-ted as the absolute truth and the Qur'an has been explained according to them. They divided the hadiths into two classes as Mutevatir and Ahâd, and they did not accept those who were not Mütevatir as evidence. Due to the difficulty of the conditions imposed, almost all of the hadiths remained Ahâd hadith. Although it does not continue as a Mu‘tazila name, it has continued to exist as an idea and has come to the present day. The source of many issues that are the subject of discussion today is the Mu‘tazila sect. The rejection of compassion, the absence of the punishment of the grave, the absence of faith in fate, the fact that no one who enters hell will ever leave there, the paradise where Adam was placed after creation, the denial of the miracle and the blessing, the lack of evidence of hadiths that are not Mütevatir are some of these issues. For the first time, they began to be discussed with the Mu‘tazila sect and have survived to the present day. Mu‘tazila has evaluated most of these in the context of the “Five Principles”. He did not accept them because they did not comply with one or more of these principles. Although not all people belonging to the Mu‘tazila sect think the same way, different thoughts on these issues have been discussed together with Mu‘tazila for the first time.

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