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İnşâ terim olarak, “yazmak, yazma sanatı ve kompozisyon” gibi anlamların yanı sıra resmî veya özel yazışmaların belirli bir usule göre yapılmasının inceliklerini ve mektup yazma sanatını ifade eder. Belagat ve fesahat ölçülerine göre söylenmiş veya yazılmış, belli kurallara bağlı, edebî güzellik taşıyan her çeşit söz veya düzyazı da inşâ terimiyle ifade edilir. Bu sanatı konu edinen disipline ilmü’l-inşâ, bu disiplinin kurallarına uygun olarak yazılmış resmî ve özel mektuplar ile yazışmaların bir araya getirilmesiyle oluşturulan eserlere münşeât mecmuaları adı verilir. Edebiyat ve belagat açısından son derece önemli olan bu eserlerin telif edilmesinin en önemli amaçlarından biri, devlet hiyerarşisi içinde çok önemli roller üstlenen kâtiplere yazışma usul ve kaidelerini öğreterek bu bilgileri gelecek nesillere aktarmaktır. Emevîler döneminden Osmanlı Devleti dönemine uzanan zaman diliminde inşâ sanatı ile ilgili pek çok eser kaleme alınmıştır. Bunlardan biri de Osmanlı devri âlimi Mer‘î b. Yûsuf el-Kermî’nin (öl. 1033/1624), Bedi‘u’l-inşâ’ ve’ṣ-ṣıfât fi’l-mükâtebât ve’l-mürâselât adlı eseridir. On dört baptan oluşan eserde çeşitli şahıs veya makamlara hitaben yazılacak resmî ve özel yazılarda riayet edilmesi gereken kurallar, kullanılması gereken sıfat, lakap ve hitap sözleri, kitabet adabı, mektup yazılırken dikkat edilecek hususlar ve çeşitli amaçlara yönelik temsilî yazı örnekleri bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın birinci bölümünde ilmî bir disiplin olarak inşânın anlamı, inşânın ortaya çıkışı ve Arap edebiyatındaki yeri, durumu ve tarihî gelişimi üzerinde durulmuştur. İkinci bölümde, Mer‘î b. Yûsuf el-Kermî’nin hayatı ve eserleri ele alınmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde ise inşâ sanatında; insanların toplum içindeki ilişki ve iletişimleri, hiyerarşik silsile, yazışmalarda gözetilecek kurallar ile bu tür eserlerde bulunan secili ve sanatsal ifadeleri gözler önüne sermek amacıyla söz konusu eserden seçilmiş manzum ve mensur metinlerden örnekler verilmiştir. Kısaca İnşâ-ı Mer‘i olarak adlandırılan bu eserde; yazışmaların kendine has terminolojisi ile bunlara dayalı edebî dil ve üslup, yazışmalarda gözetilen kurallar, toplum içindeki insan ilişkileri ve iletişimleri, devlet yapısının ve sosyal hayatın hiyerarşik münasebet düzeyleri gibi kültürel zenginliklere ilişkin önemli bilgiler bulunmaktadır.
In terms of construction, it means "writing, writing art and composition" as well as the subtles of the formal or private communications according to a specific procedure and the art of writing letters. Any word or letter which is written or spoken according to the measures of the Belagat or the Faith is expressed by the term of construction, according to certain rules and literary beauty. The discipline that is subject to this art is known as the discipline, the works created by the combination of formal and private letters written in accordance with the rules of this discipline and the works created by the combination of letters. One of the most important objectives of the authentication of these works, which are extremely important in terms of literature and literature, is to transmit this information to the future generations by teaching the writers who take very important roles in the state hierarchy. In the time of the Ottoman state, many works related to the construction of art have been taken. One of them is the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him). 1033/1624), Bedi'u'l-inşâ and'ṣ-ṣıfât fi'l-mükâtebât and'l-murâselât. The works consisting of fourteen baptists include the rules that must be followed in the official and private writings to be written to various persons or authorities, the words to be used, the words to be written, the words to be written, the words to be written, the facts to be observed when written, and the representative writings for various purposes. The first part of this study focuses on the meaning of construction as a scientific discipline, the appearance of construction and the place, state and historical development in Arab literature. In the second chapter, the life and the works of Mer’i b. Yusuf al-Kermî were discussed. In the third chapter, the works of construction have been given examples of manusums and texts selected from the work in question in order to highlight the relations and communications of people within the society, the hierarchical silsile, the rules to be observed in the communications and the secular and artistic expressions in such works. In this work, shortly referred to as Inşa-i Mer, there is important information about cultural wealth, such as the own terminology of the communications and the literary language and style based on them, the rules observed in the communications, human relations and communications within the society, the state structure and the hierarchical level of social life.
As a term, Composition refers to the subtleties of making official or private correspondence according to a certain method, which means "writing, the art of writing and composition", and the art of writing letters. In addition to this meaning, all kinds of words or prose that are uttered or written according to eloquence and fluency, adhere to certain rules, and include literary beauty are also expressed with the term composition. The discipline that deals with this art is called ‘ilma’l-insha, and the works created by bringing together official and private letters and correspondence written in accordance with the rules of this discipline are called münşeat journals. One of the most important purposes of writing these works, which are extremely important in terms of literature and rhetoric, is to teach the clerks, who play very important roles in the state hierarchy, the rules and procedures of correspondence and to transmit this information to future generations. Many works were written about the art of composition in the period from the Umayyad period to the Ottoman Empire period. One of them is the work of Ottoman era scholar Mer'î b Yûsuf al-Kermî (d. 1033/1624), named Bedi'a'l-insha' ve's-sifat fi'l-muqatabat wa'l-muraselat.In this work, which consists of fourteen chapters, there are rules to be followed in official and private writings to be written to various persons or authorities, adjectives, nicknames and address words, points to be considered when writing letters and representative writing examples for various purposes. In the first part of this study, the meaning of composition as a science discipline, its place in Arabic literature since its emergence, its position and historical development are emphasized. In the second part, art and life of Mer'i b. Yusuf al-Kermi are investigated. In the third part, in the art of composition; In order to reveal the relations and communication of people in the society, the hierarchy, the rules to be followed in correspondence and the selected and artistic expressions in such works, examples of selected verse and prose texts from the work in question are given. In this work, which is briefly called İnshâ-i Mer'i; There is important information about cultural richness such as the unique terminology of correspondence and the literary language and style based on them, the rules observed in correspondence, human relations and communications in the society, the hierarchical relationship levels of the state and social life.
Alan : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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