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Algının ve bilincin özü sorunu üzerinde odaklanan fenomenoloji, sezgiye dayanan bir özbilimi olarak görülmüştür. Fenomenoloji alanında yaptığı çalışmalarla adından söz ettiren Husserl, günlük yaşamda sorgulamadan kabul ettiğimiz gerçekliği bilincimiz tarafından nasıl inşa edildiği üzerinde durmaktadır. Ona göre gerçeklik bilincine varılan ve görülen bir şeydir. Merkezinde fenomenlerin yer aldığı fenomenolojinin temel amacı; fenomenleri betimleyerek, özlerini açığa çıkartmaktır. Husserl, geleneksel epistemolojik çalışmalardan ayrılmaktadır, çünkü fenomenoloji alanında yaptığı çalışmalarla bilgiyi kesin temeller üzerinde yeniden inşa etmeye çalışmaktadır. Bilginin nasıl oluştuğuyla, kökeniyle neyi ne kadar bilip bilemeyeceğimizle ilgilenmekten ziyade bilginin hangi zemin üzerinde doğru, kesin ve nesnel olarak kurulabileceğini araştıran Husserl’in çalışmaları normatif sonuçlar ortaya koymakta ve bir yöntem olarak ele alınmaktadır. Burada amaç tüm bir bilgi pratiğini anlamak, açıklamak için yeni yaklaşımlar ortaya koyabilmektir. 20.yüzyılın başlarından itibaren felsefe ile ilgili tartışmaların içinde yer almaya başlayan fenomenoloji kavramı, bilincin çeşitli formlarını analiz eden bilim olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bilimlerdeki krizi çözmek adına Husserl tarafından geliştirilen fenomenoloji, sezgiye dayanan bir öz bilimi olarak görülmüş, nesnenin nasıl göründüğü sorusu üzerine odaklanmıştır. En genel anlamda özleri araştıran bir felsefe olan fenomenoloji için öz kendisini kendinde araçsız olarak gösteren şeydir. Husserl’in deyimiyle bu mutlak özdür. Çalışmamızda fenomenoloji kavramı üzerinde durularak, fenomenoloji alanında Edmund Husserl’in görüşleri teorik olarak ele alınmıştır.
The phenomenology focused on the problem of the essence of perception and consciousness has been seen as an intuition-based self-science. Husserl, referring to his name with his studies in the field of phenomenology, stands on how the reality we accept without questioning in our daily life is built by our consciousness. It is a reality that has been seen and realized. The main objective of phenomenology where phenomena are located in the center is to describe phenomena, to reveal their essences. Husserl is separated from traditional epistemological studies, as he tries to rebuild the knowledge on a firm basis with his studies in phenomenology. Husserl’s studies, which investigate how information is formed, rather than how much we will know or not what it is originally, which ground of information can be accurately, accurately and objectively established, reveal normative outcomes and are considered as a method. Here the goal is to understand the entire information practice, to be able to introduce new approaches to the explanation. The phenomenology concept, which began to be included in the discussions about philosophy from the beginning of the 20th century, comes to us as a science that analyses the various forms of consciousness. The phenomenology developed by Husserl for the purpose of solving the crisis in science is considered a intuitive self-science, focused on the question of how the object looks. For phenomenology, which is a philosophy that explores the essences in the most general sense, the essence is what shows itself in itself without means. Husserl says that is absolute. Based on the concept of phenomenology in our study, the views of Edmund Husserl in the field of phenomenology have been theoretically addressed.
Phenomenology, which focuses on the problem of the essence of perception and consciousness, has been seen as an intuitive self-science. Husserl, who made a name for with her studies in the field of phenomenology, focuses on how the reality that we accept without question in daily life is constructed by our consciousness. According to him, reality is something that is conscious of and seen. The main purpose of phenomenology, in which phenomena are at the center; describing phenomena, revealing their essence. Husserl differs from traditional epistemological studies because with his work in the field of phenomenology, he tries to reconstruct knowledge on precise foundations. Husserl's studies, which investigate on which ground knowledge can be established accurately, precisely and objectively, rather than dealing with how knowledge is formed, its origin, what we know and how much, reveal normative results and are considered as a method. The aim here is to introduce new approaches to understand and explain a whole knowledge practice. The concept of phenomenology, which started to take place in the discussions about philosophy since the beginning of the 20th century, emerges as a science that analyzes various forms of consciousness. Phenomenology, developed by Husserl in order to solve the crisis in sciences, was seen as a self-science based on intuition and focused on the question of how the object looks. For phenomenology, which is a philosophy that investigates essences in the most general sense, essence is what manifests itself in itself without tools. In Husserl's words, this is the absolute essence. In our study, Edmund Husserl's views in the field of phenomenology were discussed theoretically, with an emphasis on the concept of phenomenology.
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