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Вторая мировая война началась 1 сентября 1939 года, когда Германия напала на Польшу. В начале войны, для Турции наиболее серьезной проблемой стало его вовлечение в войну и следовательно, сохранение территориальной целостности. По этой причине, несмотря на сильное давление воюющих сторон, турецкое правительство предприняло большие усилия для проведения политики, которая исключила бы его из этой шестилетней войны. Тот факт, что Германия и Советский Союз не пришли к общему мнению к концу 1940 года, существенно повлиял на ход войны. При таком раскладе сил, Турция одинаково стала беспокоится политикой Германии и Советского Союза. С его стороны были приняты меры защиты от возможного нападения на её территорию во Фракии, с одной стороны и на восточной границе, с другой. Пытаясь обеспечить потребности армии, она также старалась избегать договоренностей, которые могли бы непосредственно привлечь к войне. В связи с этим, Турция попыталась гарантировать безопасность своих границ, подписав “взваимный договор о ненападении и дружбе”, зависимо от событий во время войны между блоками. Собственно говоря, после того, как Германия и Япония подписали соглашения о безоговорочной капитуляции, Турция не участвуя в войне, которая вызвала большие разрушения и потери, спясся от этого тяжелого бедствия. Однако, поражение Германии от войны изменил баланс в Восточной Европе и опасность, возникщая в результате советского влияния в этом регионе, в другом формате начала угрожать Турцию. В нижеследующей статье, оценивается сильное давление со стороны обеих воюющих сторон на Турцию с целью вовлечения его в войну, устойчивость Турции к этим давлениям, проводимая Турцией внешняя политика аспекты этой политики, влияющие на ход войны и его результаты.
World War II began upon Germany's incursion of Poland on 1 September 1939. When this war began, Turkey's basic concern was to successfully manage this difficult situation without any threat to its national sovereignty and territorial integrity. Thus during this tempestuous six-year war. The Turkish government has made great efforts to follow policies that would exclude each out of this war despite the intense pressure of the waring parties. The failure of the Nazi-Soviet bargain in November 1940 was one of the incidents that severely affected the pace of war. Turkey, likewise, being extremely concerned about both the German and Soviet intentions, took defense measures against any invasive attempt to be directed at its territories under priority threat - Thrace and the eastern territories bordering the USSR: began to procuring the needs of the army: and tried hard to avoid any agreement that would put her directly into the waging war. To this end, she signed agreements and treaties of nonaggression and of security commitments depending on the developments between the blocks throughout the war, in order to secure its borders. When World War II ended upon the conclusion of unconditional surrender agreements by Germany and Japan, Turkey saved itself from the destructive effects of the war by staying out of the war. However, as the balance of powers in Europe changed in favour of the USSR upon the defeat of Germany, Turkey faced an even greater danger evolving in a different way. This article aims to redefining the intense pressures the Axis and the Allied Powers exercised on Turkey for each entry into the war and the resistance Turkey displayed against these pressures, within the framework of Turkish foreign policy. Furthermore, the impacts of these policies on the course of war, and the consequences for Turkey will be assessed.
World War II began upon Germany’s incursion of Poland on 1 September 1939. When this war started, Turkey’s basic concern was to successfully manage this difficult situation without any threat to its national sovereignty and territorial integrity. Therefore during this tempestuous six-year war. the Turkish government have made great efforts to follow policies that would exclude her out of this war despite the intense pressure of the warring parties. The failure of the Nazi-Soviet bargain in November 1940 was one of the incidents that severely affected the pace of war. Turkey, likewise, being extremely concerned about both the German and Soviet intentions, took defensive measures against any invasive attempt to be directed at its territories under priority threat – Thrace and the eastern territories bordering the USSR: began procuring the needs of the army: and tried hard to avoid any agreement that would lure her directly into the waging war. To this end, she signed agreements and treaties of nonaggression and of security commitments depending on the developments between the blocks throughout the war, in order to secure its borders. When World War II ended upon conclusion of unconditional surrender agreements by Germany and Japan, Turkey saved herself from the destructive effects of the war by staying out of the war. However, as the balance of powers in Europe changed in favor of the USSR upon the defeat of Germany, Turkey faced an even greater danger evolving in a different manner. This article aims at redefining the intensive pressures the Axis and the Allied Powers exerted on Turkey for her entry into the war and the resistance Turkey displayed against these pressures, within the framework of Turkish foreign policy. Furthermore, the impacts of these policies on the course of war, and the consequences for Turkey will be assessed.
Alan : Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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