Özet:

Examining the main sources of Islamic theology and revealing the theological views in these sources contribute to getting to the root of theological problems and to a more accurate understanding and therefore to their solution. From this point of view, it is important to learn the main views of theological sects from their main sources. Thus, it will be revealed how some ideas that have changed over time due to political and historical conditions or that have emerged with a new discourse overlap with the thought that they belong to. In the course of its history, the Shia sect has experienced deviations from time to time due to the influence of Mu‘tazilite theology in defending and methodologically explaining its founding views for political and social reasons. These deviations, in a way, have created new situations that contradict the views of the founding elements of Shia. In this respect, knowing the theological views of Sheikh Mufid (d. 413/1022) is important as it means knowing the founding main ideas of the Shiite-Imamah. Sheikh Mufid is an important name whose works should be consulted in studies on Shiite-Imāmiyya. He is considered to be the person who systematized the methodical school of Shiite-Imāmiyya. He wrote works in many fields such as theology and fiqh. When we look at the works of al-Sheikh Mufid, it is seen that he was especially influenced by Mu'tazilite theologians such as Abu'l-Qāsım al-Balkhî (d. 319/931) and Qādī ‘Abd al-Jabbār (d. 415/1025). This situation is striking in Sheikh's works named el- Awâ’il al-Maqâlât and al-Nukat al-I‘tiqādiyya, which we will discuss. al-Sheikh Mufid's al-Nukat al-I‘tiqādiyya is more like the works of al-Qādī ‘Abd al-Jabbār in terms of content. In particular, the form and content in the classification of the work resembles the works of Qâdî. At the same time, the theological/theological views in the work show similarities with the views of Qādī ‘Abd al-Jabbār. This shows that Qādī ‘Abd al-Jabbār had an important influence on the Sheikh in the formation of his understanding of the method in Shiism. However, the main body of the work includes the views of Shiite-Imamiyya. When looked at, it is seen that Allah and his attributes are under the influence of Baghdad Mu'tazilî in cosmological issues related to the world, while the views of Shiite Imâmiyya are defended on other issues. In al-Sheikh Mufid’s al-Nukat, he is in a position between algebra and tafvız on some issues and defends close views with Ahl al-Sunnah. However, the main body of the work includes the views of Shiite-Imamiyya. When looked at, it is seen that Allah and his attributes are under the influence of Baghdad Mu'tazilî in cosmological issues related to the world, while the views of Shiite Imâmiyya are defended on other issues. In al-Sheikh Mufid en-Nüket, he is in a position between algebra and tafviz on some issues and defends close views with Ahl al-Sunnah. The theological analysis of him in the work called al-Nukat al-I‘tiqādiyya, which contains the Shiite-Imām theology of the Sheikh, which has not been studied much on this possibility. In our compatibility with Sheikh Mufid's Shia and Mu'tazila theology, different subjects from both sects, al-Nukat al-I‘tiqādiyya, are tried as a basis. Therefore, it will not be possible to determine the theological class of the Sheikh in relation to the work.

Anahtar Kelimeler: