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Zimmî statüsü ile Müslüman olmayanların can ve mal güvenliğinin sağlanması karşılığında Gayrimüslimlerden vergi alınması usulü İslam’ın ilk dönemlerinden itibaren tatbik edilen bir uygulama idi. Bu nedenle Osmanlı Devleti topraklarında yaşayan Gayrimüslimleri devletin vergi sistemine dâhil etti ve bunlardan yaş, fiziki ve ekonomik durumuna göre cizye vergisi aldı. Gayrimüslimlerden bu şekilde vergi alınması her Gayrimüslimin devlete farklı oranda vergi ödediğinin de önemli bir göstergesidir. Ayrıca Osmanlı’nın bu vergi tahsili hakkında hassas davranma nedeni cizyenin devlete gelir sağlayan önemli kalemler içinde yer almasıydı. Bununla birlikte yaşlı, hasta, maddi durumu yerinde olmayanlar, kısmen din görevlileri, devlete yararlılık gösterenler ve idareci olanlarda birtakım vergilerden muaf tutuldu. Osmanlı hâkimiyetin ilk dönemlerinde yapılan tahrirlere göre bazı kazalar hariç Maraş’ta Gayrimüslim yoktu. Ancak süreç içerisinde kent merkezine de Gayrimüslimler yerleşti ve Müslümanlarla aynı mahallelerde oturmaya başladı. Diğer kentlerde olduğu gibi Maraş’ta da devlete cizye vergisini ödeyen Gayrimüslimler, bu vergiyi ekonomik durumlarına göre ödedi. Buna göre XVIII. ve XIX. yüzyıllarda şehirde ikamet eden Gayrimüslimlerin genel olarak iktisadi durumları orta düzeyde idi. Ayrıca devlet bu vergi hakkında usulsüzlük yapıldığında hemen soruşturma başlatarak gerekli önlemleri aldı ve Gayrimüslimlerin bu konuda sorun yaşamalarının önüne geçti. Huzursuzluk yaratan Gayrimüslimlerinde cizye vergilerini ödemeleri karşılığında devlet tarafından affedildiği tespit edildi.
The Zimmî status and non-Muslims in return for the security of their lives and property was a practice practiced from the early periods of Islam. Therefore, the Ottoman State’s territories included the Muslims in the state’s tax system and received the tax on their age, physical and economic status. The fact that the tax is taken from the non-Muslims is an important indicator that each non-Muslims pay taxes to the state in a different rate. Furthermore, the reason for Osman's sensitive behavior about this tax allocation was that the jizyen was included in the important penses that provide income to the state. However, the elderly, the sick, the non-financial, partly the religious officials, those who benefit the state and the administrative were exempt from a number of taxes. According to the first period of the Ottoman rule, there were no Gayrims in Maraş, except for some accidents. But during the process, the Muslims also settled in the city center and began to sit in the same neighborhoods as Muslims. As in other cities as in Maraş, the Non-Muslims, who paid the tax to the state, paid this tax according to their economic conditions. According to the XVIII. and XIX. In the centuries, the economic situation of the Gay Muslims residing in the city was generally medium. Also, when the government was wrong with this tax, it immediately started the investigation and took the necessary measures and prevented the Gay Muslims from experiencing problems in this matter. They were forgiven by the government in exchange for their tax payments.
The procedure of collecting taxes from non-Muslims in return fo rensuring the safety of life and property of non-Muslimswith Zimmi status was a practice that has been applied since the first periods of Islam. For this reason, the Ottoman Empire included non-Muslims living in its territory into thes tate's tax systemand received tax from the according to their age, physical and economic status. Collecting taxes from non-Muslims in this way is an important indicator that each non-Muslim pays different taxes to the state. Inaddition, there as on for the Ottomans to be sensitive about this tax collection was that the jizya was among the important items providingin come to the state. However, the elderly, sick, financially in sufficient, partially religious officials, benefic iaries of the state, and administrators were exempted from certa in taxes. According to the censuses made in the early periods of the Ottoman rule, there were no non-Muslims in Maras except for some town ships. However, non-Muslims settled in the city center in the proces sand started to live in the same neighborhoods with Muslims. As in other cities, non-Muslims who paid the tax of jizya to the state in Maras paid this tax according to their economic status. Accordingly, in the 18th and 19th centuries, the general economic situation of non-Muslims residing in the city was moderate. Inaddition, when an irregularity was made about this tax, the state immediately in itiated an investigationand took the necessary measures and preventednon-Muslims from having problems in this regard. It was determined that non-Muslims, who caused unrest, were for given by thes tate in return for paying the tax on tax.
Alan : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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