Devlet, batı siyasal anlayışında belli bir ülkede yerleşmiş halkın üzerinde egemen olan bir siyasal otorite olarak anlaşılmaktadır. Bir ülkede iktidara gelme ve iktidarın sürdürülebilirliği, o ülke üzerine yerleşmiş halkın kültüründen kaynaklanan meşruiyet anlayışına yönetimin uyması ile mümkün olabilmektedir. Bu günümüzde genelde anayasalarda vazedilen süreçlerle belirlenmiştir. Türk milli kültürünün devlet anlayışı Egemenden hareketle tanımlanan bir anlayış değil; aşağıdan yukarı doğru bir örgütlenmedir. Devlet, milletin töresini yürütmek üzere, kut kazanmış iktidarlar tarafından yönetilen, milletin teşkilatlanmasıdır. Türk devlet geleneğinde meşruiyet bağlamında iki kavram öne çıkmaktadır: Töre ve Kut. Milleti ayakta tutan gücün töre olduğu; devletten önce geldiği Orhun Bengütaşları’ndan bugüne bilinir. Bir deyimimiz bunu çok güzel ifade eder, “il gider, töre kalır. Yani töre olduğu sürece devletin yeniden kurulabileceği, aslolanın töreyi korumak olduğu esas alınır. Devletin varlık sebebi de esasen töreyi yürütmektir. Törenin temel değerleri vardır. Adalet, ahlak, bilgelik, cömertlik, yiğitlik vb. değerleri şahsında meczedebilen kimse “kut” kazanmış sayılır. Kut kazanmak, liyakat kesbedebilmek veya layık olma erdemi şeklinde tanımlanabilir. Dolayısıyla Türk devlet geleneğinde meşruiyet kut kazanmak şeklinde tecelli eden, törenin öngördüğü değerleri taşımak ve sürdürmek esasına bağlanmıştır.
The state is understood as a political authority that dominates the people settled in a particular country in the Western political sense. The arrival of power and the sustainability of power in a country can be possible by the governance’s conformity to the sense of legitimacy arising from the culture of the people settled on that country. This is usually defined in the constitutions. The state concept of the Turkish national culture is not a concept defined by the movement of the Sovereignty; it is an organization from down to up. The state is the organization of the people, which is governed by the blessed powers, to carry out the ceremony of the people. In the Turkish state tradition there are two concepts in the context of legitimacy: Töre and Kut. It is known that the power that keeps the nation standing is threshold; it is known to date from the Orhun Benghazi who came before the state. It is a good saying, “It goes, it goes, it goes. That is, as long as there is a thora, it is based on the fact that the state can be reconstructed, the original is to preserve the thora. The reason for the state is to do it primarily. The ceremony has its fundamental values. Justice, morality, wisdom, courage, courage, etc. Whoever wins the value of the person is the winner. It can be defined as winning, cutting, or being deserved. Therefore, in the tradition of the Turkish state, it is linked to the essence of carrying and
In western political perception, state is understood as political authority which is sovereign over the people settled in a specific country. Coming to and sustainability of power in a country can be possible if the government abides by people’s legitimacy perception arising from of their culture. At the present time, this is usually determined with processes preached in constitutions. State understanding of Turkish national culture is not a perception defined with reference to “hegemon” but an organization structured bottom to top. State is organization of the nation which is ruled by governments gained “kut” in order to sustain “töre” (moral laws) of the nation. In Turkish state custom, two concepts become prominent in the context of legitimacy: Töre and Kut. It has been known from Orkhon Inscriptions to now that the power keeping the nation on it’s feet is töre and the töre precedes state. A Turkish idiom expresses this beautifully: “Country goes, töre stays.” In other words, it is grounded on that a state can be re-established as long as the nation has töre and what really matter is retaining the töre. Raison d’être of the state is essentially implementing the töre. The töre has basic values. A person who interiorized the values such as justice, morals, wisdom, generosity, bravery etc. in her/his personality is considered as gained kut. Gaining the kut can be defined as obtaining merit of virtue. Hence, legitimacy in Turkish state custom is based on basis of having and maintaining the values that the töre prescribes and that appear in the form of the kut.
Alan : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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